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Sama Veda — Uttarārcika, Mantra 2

Aindra praise of Indra’s vast power, framed within the sacrificial order and its enabling deities

Rishi: Unspecified
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Unspecified
Devanagari Script

या सुनीथे शौचद्रथे व्यौच्छो दुहितर्दिवः सा व्युच्छ सहीयसि सत्यश्रवसि वाय्ये सुजाते अश्वसूनृते

Samhita Patha

yā sunīthe śaucadrathe vyauccho duhitardivaḥ sā vyuccha sahīyasi satyaśravasi vāyye sujāte aśvasūnṛte

Transliteration

yā́ sunī́the śáucadrathe vyáuccho duhitár divaḥ sā́ vyùccha sahī́yasi satyáśravasi vā́yye sujā́te aśvasū́nṛte

Translation

你以善导与光耀之车而显现，噢，天之女；请你显现吧，因为你更为强盛。噢，真实闻名者，噢，天之女（vāyye），善生者，赐予骏马与苏尼尔塔（sūnṛtā，吉祥之言/恩惠）者。

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

yā | su-nīthe | śauca-drathe | vi-aucchaḥ | duhitāḥ | divaḥ | sā | vi-uccha | sahīyasi | satya-śravasi | vāyye | su-jāte | aśva-sūnṛte

Word by Word
याshe who / O (that)
या:
कर्तृ (सम्बोधन-प्रायः; स्तुत्यर्थे) / विशेष्य-निर्देश
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / या- (स्त्री. सर्वनाम)
सुनीथेin good guidance / in good leading
सुनीथे:
अधिकरण (स्थितिः/आश्रयः) / विशेषण-स्थान
TypeNoun (abstract) / Epithet
Rootसुनीथ (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + नीथ ‘नेतृत्व/मार्गदर्शन’)
शौचद्रथेin/with the pure chariot (having a pure chariot)
शौचद्रथे:
अधिकरण / विशेषण
TypeAdjective (compound epithet)
Rootशौचद्रथ (समास-प्रातिपदिक; शौच ‘शुद्धि’ + रथ)
व्यौच्छःyou dawned / you shone forth
व्यौच्छः:
क्रिया (मुख्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-उष् (धातु ‘उष्’ = उष्ण/प्रकाशे, ‘to dawn’)
दुहितःO daughter
दुहितः:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootदुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
दिवःof heaven / of the sky
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) / विशेषण-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक ‘दिव्’)
साshe
सा:
कर्तृ (अनुवृत्त-कर्ता) / निर्देश
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
व्युच्छdawn forth!
व्युच्छ:
क्रिया (आज्ञा)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-उष् (धातु)
सहीयसीstronger / more mighty
सहीयसी:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective (comparative)
Rootसह् (धातु ‘to be strong/endure’) → ‘सहीयस्’ (तुलनात्मक-प्रातिपदिक)
सत्यश्रवसिO true-famed one
सत्यश्रवसि:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसत्यश्रवस् (समास-प्रातिपदिक; सत्य + श्रवस् ‘fame/renown’)
वाय्येO airy/wind-born one
वाय्ये:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootवाय्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वायु’ सम्बन्धी)
सुजातेO well-born one
सुजाते:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootसुजात (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + जात)
अश्वसूनृतेO (she) of horse-winning true speech / of noble, horse-bringing praise
अश्वसूनृते:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootअश्वसूनृत (समास-प्रातिपदिक; अश्व + सूनृत ‘good speech/true utterance’)
Sāman Melody Name

Uṣas-sāman (generic/unspecified in input)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": null, "udgitha": null, "pratihara": null, "upadrava": null, "nidhana": null, "structure_notes": "The paired verb forms (vyaucchaḥ/vyuccha) naturally split into responsorial segments; the epithet chain can function as extended nidhana-like closure in practice (gāna-dependent).", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ (prastāva), Udgātṛ (udgītha/upadrava), Pratihartṛ (pratihāra), all (nidhana)." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "Sāyaṇa: repetition ‘vyaucchaḥ…vyuccha’ is liturgical insistence—dawn has appeared and is urged to appear fully for the rite. ‘sunītha’ is right-leading of the sacrificer’s acts; ‘śaucadratha’ indicates radiant/pure chariot imagery; closing boon aśva+sūnṛtā as prosperity plus auspicious correctness of speech.", "ritual_interpretation": "The verse functions as a dawn-command: complete manifestation of light so that ritual actions proceed correctly and auspiciously.", "theological_insight": "Uṣas is both event and agency: her might completes illumination; right guidance and purity are her gifts that make yajña effective.", "etymology_highlights": "sunītha: ‘su’ (good) + ‘nītha’ (leading); śauca: purity/brightness; sahīyasī comparative of strength (‘more powerful’)." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
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