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Sama Veda — Pūrvārcika, Mantra 5

Agni kindled with radiant flames as the guardian of ṛta (right-ordered sacrifice) and giver of strengthening wealth

Rishi: Unspecified in provided input (ṛṣi attribution requires concordance to the underlying Ṛgvedic source).
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Unspecified in provided input (meter requires identification of the underlying Ṛgvedic ṛc and syllable count).
Devanagari Script

अग्ने जरितर्विश्पतिस्तपानो देव रक्षसः अप्रोषिवान्गृहपते महां असि दिवस्पायुर्दुरोणयुः

Samhita Patha

agne jaritarviśpatistapāno deva rakṣasaḥ aproṣivāngṛhapate mahāṃ asi divaspāyurduroṇayuḥ

Transliteration

agne1 jaritar2 viśpatiḥ1 tapānaḥ2 deva1 rakṣasaḥ2 aproṣivān1 gṛhapate2 mahāṃ1 asi2 divaḥpāyuḥ1 duroṇayuḥ2

Translation

阿耆尼啊，赞颂者所呼唤的主宰，众民之主；炽燃的天神，焚灭罗刹娑（Rākṣasa）；不懈怠的家主（gṛhapati），你实为伟大；天界的守护者，安住于居所（duroṇa）。

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

agne | jaritar | viśpatiḥ | tapānaḥ | deva | rakṣasaḥ | aproṣivān | gṛha-pate | mahān | asi | divaḥ-pāyuḥ | duroṇa-yuḥ

Word by Word
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन (address; outside kāraka scheme)
TypeNoun (address) / Proper noun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
जरितःof the singer/praiser
जरितः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजरितृ (प्रातिपदिक; √जृ ‘स्तुतौ/प्रशंसायाम्’ से कर्तृ-नाम)
विश्पतिःlord of the clan/household
विश्पतिः:
कर्तृ/विशेष्य (subject; apposition to Agni)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्पति (प्रातिपदिक; विश् ‘जन/कुल’ + पति)
तपानःburning, blazing
तपानः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Root√तप् (तपसि/दाहे) → शतृ/शानच् वर्तमान कृदन्त ‘तपान’
देवO god
देव:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (address)
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
रक्षसःof the demon(s), of the evil spirit
रक्षसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive; with ‘तपानः’—burning/consuming of the rākṣas)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अप्रोषिवान्not neglecting / not failing (in protection/aid)
अप्रोषिवान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeParticiple/Adjective (Vedic kṛdanta)
Root√प्रुष्/प्रोष् (दाहे/सिञ्चने; वेदिक रूप) + ‘अ-’ नकार; ‘-इवान्/इवांस्’ कृदन्त (परिपूर्ण/विशेषण)
गृहपतेO lord of the house
गृहपते:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (address)
Rootगृहपति (प्रातिपदिक)
महान्great
महान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
असिyou are
असि:
क्रिया (copula)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/सत्तायाम्)
दिवःof heaven, of the sky
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौस् (प्रातिपदिक ‘दिव्/द्यु’)
पायुःprotector, guardian
पायुः:
कर्तृ/विशेष्य (predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootपायु (प्रातिपदिक; √पा ‘रक्षणे’ से ‘रक्षक’)
दुरोणयुःdwelling in the house / connected with the household (domestic)
दुरोणयुः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण / विशेष्य (apposition)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदुरोणयु (प्रातिपदिक; दुरोण ‘गृह/आवास’ + यु ‘गमन/सम्बन्ध’—‘घर-प्राप्त/घर-हित’)
Sāman Melody Name

Unknown (requires specific Sāmavedic gāna tradition mapping for this ṛc in the Purvārcika Agneya section)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "Protective prelude stobhas (often used to ‘set a fence’ sonically).", "udgitha": "Main epithets sequence: viśpatiḥ… tapānaḥ… rakṣasaḥ…", "pratihara": "Response reinforcing gṛhapate / mahān asi.", "upadrava": "After-song emphasizing divaspāyuḥ duroṇayuḥ (guardianship + immanence).", "nidhana": "Closing stobha cadence sealing protection.", "structure_notes": "The verse naturally divides into (1) lordship + burning away rakṣas, (2) steadfast household guardianship—useful for udgītha/upadrava emphasis.", "singer_assignments": "Standard Udgātṛ ensemble roles." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "viśpati = protector/ruler of the sacrificer’s community through Agni’s presiding presence; tapānaḥ = scorching function; rakṣasaḥ = beings/forces that obstruct the rite; aproṣivān = not negligent; gṛhapati = lord of the house (gārhapatya anchoring); divaspāyuḥ = guardian of heaven; duroṇayuḥ = abiding in the dwelling.", "ritual_interpretation": "Stresses Agni’s role in burning away obstructive forces and safeguarding the sacrificial and domestic sphere.", "theological_insight": "Agni is simultaneously transcendent guardian (of heaven) and immanent resident (in the dwelling), uniting cosmic and domestic sacredness.", "etymology_highlights": "gṛhapati = gṛha + pati; divaspāyuḥ = divaḥ + pāyuḥ (protector); aproṣivān from a- + proṣiva (non-negligent)." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
Soma Ritual Context
Rishi Connection
Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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