Rig Veda 8.49.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 49, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.49
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kāṇva family seers; traditional attribution for RV 8.49)
Devata: Indra (as Soma-drinker and bestower; the force of victorious luminous Mind)
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; 8.49 commonly in Jagatī/Triṣṭubh alternations—needs pada-count verification by full hymn scan)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अनेहसं प्रतरणं विवक्षणं मध्वः स्वादिष्ठमीं पिब । आ यथा मन्दसानः किरासि नः प्र क्षुद्रेव त्मना धृषत् ॥
Transliteration
anéháṁsam prátaraṇaṁ vivákṣaṇaṁ mádhvaḥ svádiṣṭham īm piba | ā yáthā mandasānáḥ kirā́si naḥ prá kṣudrā́ iva tmanā́ dhṛ́ṣat ||
Translation
饮此蜜味之精髓——不急不迫，能使我们安然渡越，开阔言说之力——于心灵最为甘美。并且当你因喜悦而光辉时，请在我们前方倾注出来；凭你自身内在之力，勇猛推进，如细流自然而然向前奔注。
Word by Word
अनेहसम्unhasting, not delaying
अनेहसम्:
कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण ‘प्रतर॑णम्’ इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनेहस् (प्रातिपदिक; a- + नेहस् ‘आलस्य/विलम्ब’)
प्रतरणम्the (help for) crossing over; deliverance
प्रतरणम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootप्र-√तॄ (तॄ ‘तरति’ → ‘प्रतरण’ नामधातु/कृदन्त-निष्पन्न प्रातिपदिक)
विवक्षणम्eloquent; making (one) speak/express
विवक्षणम्:
कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण ‘प्रतरणम्’ इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-√वच्/√वक्ष् (विवक्ष ‘to speak/utter’ → ‘विवक्षण’ नाम/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
मध्वःof honey; of sweetness
मध्वः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of honey/sweetness’)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वादिष्ठम्sweetest, most delicious
स्वादिष्ठम्:
कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण—पेयस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वादु (प्रातिपदिक) + इष्ठ (तमप्-प्रत्यय; superlative)
ईम्indeed; just
ईम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय)
पिबdrink!
पिब:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√पा (पिबति)
आhither; forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
यथाso that; as
यथा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
मन्दसानःrejoicing, gladdened
मन्दसानः:
कर्ता (अन्तर्निहितः; ‘त्वम्/सः’)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Root√मन्द् (मन्द ‘to rejoice/be glad’) → मन्दस (प्रातिपदिक) + -आन (शानच्/कृदन्त)
किरासिyou pour; you scatter
किरासि:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कॄ/√किर् (किरति ‘to pour/scatter’ → 2nd sg. ‘किरसि’; वैदिक लेखन ‘किरासि’)
नःto us; our
नः:
सम्प्रदान (to us) / सम्बन्ध (our) — प्रसङ्गानुसार
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
क्षुद्रsmall; petty
क्षुद्र:
कर्ता (उपमान-कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
त्मनाby (your) own self; with your own power
त्मना:
करण (by/with one’s own self/power)
TypeNoun
Rootत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self, own person/power’)
धृषत्daring, bold
धृषत्:
कर्ता (विशेषणरूपेण—‘त्वम्/सः’)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Root√धृष् (धृष्णोति/धर्षति ‘to be bold, to dare’) → धृषत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/विशेषण, ‘daring’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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