
Sukta 8.28
Viśve Devāḥ (the Thirty-Three Gods)
这首短颂祈请毗湿维诸天——被视为“三十三”种神圣力量——依其正当次第就座于祭草之上,并维持祭仪的正确布置。诗中请求这些“诸神”在四方成为周遍的守护者:前、后、上、下皆护持无缺;末段以七重(七分)之观照呈现诸神之力,其光辉、兵器与威严皆已圆满安立。
Mantra 1
ये त्रिंशति त्रयस्परो देवासो बर्हिरासदन् । विदन्नह द्वितासनन् ॥
那三十又三之诸神,坐于祭草(barhis)之上;他们确知无疑,遂依二重之序而就座。
Mantra 2
वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा स्मद्रातिषाचो अग्नयः । पत्नीवन्तो वषट्कृताः ॥
伐楼那(Varuṇa)、密特罗(Mitra)、阿梨耶曼(Aryaman)——与我们施与正赐之供献同行者——并诸火神(Agni)同在;与其沙克蒂(配偶、神妃)相应相系,成为承载我们“vaṣaṭ”意愿呼声而使之成就的诸力。
Mantra 3
ते नो गोपा अपाच्यास्त उदक्त इत्था न्यक् । पुरस्तात्सर्वया विशा ॥
愿他们作我们光芒(गोपा,守护者)的护卫:自后方护持我们,免于一切背离与误转;自上与自下,并以前方——以我们全体之存在——周遍守护。
Mantra 4
यथा वशन्ति देवास्तथेदसत्तदेषां नकिरा मिनत् । अरावा चन मर्त्यः ॥
诸神如何意欲并统御,事便如是成就;无人能减损他们的法度——凡人不能,纵使富有者亦不能。
Mantra 5
सप्तानां सप्त ऋष्टयः सप्त द्युम्नान्येषाम् । सप्तो अधि श्रियो धिरे ॥
在那七者之中,有七个枪锋;有七种光耀之力属于他们;又有七重的荣辉安置其上——确立为圆满的成全。
They are the Viśve Devāḥ, the collective host of divine powers often counted as thirty-three (Vasus, Rudras, Ādityas, and related forms). The hymn calls them together as one coordinated presence.
Barhis is the sacred grass spread on the ritual ground as a seat for the gods. Saying they “sit” means they are successfully invited, present, and properly arranged to receive offerings and support the rite.
Sevenfold language in the Veda often signals completeness and stable order. Here it portrays the divine powers as perfectly equipped (seven spear-points), luminous (seven lights), and fully endowed (seven splendors).
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