Rig Veda 10.161.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 161, Mantra 2
Sukta 10.161
Rishi: Healing/recall hymn context (RV 10.161); rishi attribution varies by Anukramaṇī
Devata: Implicitly the healing power; Nirṛti and Mṛtyu are named as opposing forces; operative divine help may be Indra-Agni by hymn continuity
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यदि क्षितायुर्यदि वा परेतो यदि मृत्योरन्तिकं नीत एव । तमा हरामि निॠतेरुपस्थादस्पार्षमेनं शतशारदाय ॥
Transliteration
yádi kṣitā́yur yádi vā páréto yádi mṛtyór ántikaṃ nī́ta evá | tám ā́ harāmi nírṛter upásthād áspārṣam enaṃ śatáśāradāya ||
Translation
若他的定命已尽，或他已越界而去，或他确已被牵引至死亡近旁——我仍将他从尼利提（Nirṛti）之怀中带回；我使他不受触犯，得享百个秋季（圆满寿命）。
Word by Word
यदिif
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (avyaya)
क्षितायुःone whose life is diminished/shortened
क्षितायुः:
Kartā (of implied ‘is/has become’ in the conditional clause)
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootक्षितायु (प्रातिपदिक; क्षिति + आयुस्)
यदिif
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (avyaya)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (avyaya)
परेतःgone forth; departed (as if dead)
परेतः:
Kartā (in the conditional clause)
TypeAdjective/Participle used substantively
Rootपरेत (ppp of √इ with परा-; ‘gone away’)
यदिif
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (avyaya)
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of death’)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
अन्तिकम्near; into proximity
अन्तिकम्:
Adhikaraṇa (goal/limit: ‘near’)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootअन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
नीतः(has been) led
नीतः:
Kartā (patient-subject of passive: ‘has been led’)
TypeParticiple (passive past)
Root√नी (नी + त; ppp)
एवindeed; just
एव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (avyaya)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
आback; towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ (upasarga/avyaya)
हरामिI bring/take (him) back
हरामि:
Kriyā (with speaker as Kartā)
TypeVerb
Root√हृ (हर्) with आ-
निःout of; away from
निः:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootनिः/निस् (upasarga/avyaya)
ऋतेःof Nirr̥ti (goddess of dissolution/misfortune)
ऋतेः:
Apādāna (source: ‘from Nirr̥ti’)
TypeNoun
Rootनिऋति (प्रातिपदिक)
उपस्थात्from the lap/abode
उपस्थात्:
Apādāna (source: ‘from the lap/seat’)
TypeNoun (ablative)
Rootउपस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
अस्पार्षम्I did not let (it) touch; I warded off contact
अस्पार्षम्:
Kriyā (speaker as Kartā)
TypeVerb
Root√स्पृश् (aorist) with अ- (neg.)
एनम्this one; him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्/इदम् (enad-pronoun)
शतशारदायfor a hundred autumns (i.e., years)
शतशारदाय:
Sampradāna (purpose/benefit: ‘for … years’)
TypeAdjective (dative of purpose)
Rootशत-शारद (compound; शत + शारद ‘autumnal year’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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