Valmiki Ramayana 6.69.63 — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 69, Shloka 63

त्रिशिरा-प्रबोधनम् तथा नरान्तक-वधः

Trisira’s Counsel and the Slaying of Naranthaka

Devanagari script

विकीर्णैपर्वताग्रैश्चद्रुमैछशिनैश्चसंयुगे ।।।।हतैश्चकपिरक्षोभिर्दुर्गमावसुधाऽभवत् ।

Transliteration

vikīrṇaiḥ parvatāgraiś ca drumaiś chinnaiś ca saṃyuge | hataiś ca kapi-rakṣobhir durgamā vasudhā 'bhavat ||

Translation

在那战斗中，破碎的山巅与倒折的树木四散；又有倒下的猴族与罗刹横陈，使大地变得难以通行。

Word by Word

• vikīrṇaiḥ: scattered
• vikīrṇaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vikīrṇa (कृदन्त; √kṝ/कॄ; PPP)
• Form: Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifying the instrumental set

• parvata-agraiḥ: with mountain-peaks
• parvata-agraiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक) + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'mountain-peaks'; Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• drumaiḥ: with trees
• drumaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: druma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana

• chinnaiḥ: cut down
• chinnaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: chinna (कृदन्त; √chid/छिद्; PPP)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; qualifies drumaiḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• saṃyuge: in the battle
• saṃyuge: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana

• hataiḥ: with the slain
• hataiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hata (कृदन्त; √han/हन्; PPP)
• Form: Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; 'with the slain'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• kapi-rakṣobhiḥ: with Vanaras and Rakshasas
• kapi-rakṣobhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक) + rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) 'Vanaras and Rakshasas'; Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana

• durgamā: hard to traverse
• durgamā: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with vasudhā

• vasudhā: the earth
• vasudhā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasudhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• abhavat: became
• abhavat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana

Context

The battlefield, covered with broken trees and mountains, fallen vanaras and rakshasas, seemed difficult to tread on ground.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras (Kapi)
• Rākṣasas
• Druma (trees)
• Vasudhā (earth)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

War reshapes the world—nature and society both suffer. Dharma insists that conflict be a last resort and bound to truth and rightful purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

The battlefield is so littered with debris and bodies that movement itself becomes difficult.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective endurance amid calamity; implicitly, the need for wise leadership to prevent such devastation.