Shloka 2

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

समुदीरितवीर्यास्तेसमारोपितविक्रमाः ।पर्यवस्थापितावाक्यैरङ्गदेनवलीमुखाः ।।।।प्रयाताश्चगताहर्षंमरणेकृतश्चयाः ।चक्रुस्सुतुमुलंयुद्धंवानरास्त्यक्तजीविताः ।।।।

Transliteration

samudīrita-vīryās te samāropita-vikramāḥ |

paryavasthāpitā vākyair aṅgadena valīmukhāḥ ||

prayātāś ca gatā harṣaṃ maraṇe kṛta-niścayāḥ |

cakrus sutumulaṃ yuddhaṃ vānarās tyakta-jīvitāḥ ||

Translation

于是诸位婆那罗首领，因安伽陀之言而勇力被激发、战志再度昂扬，欢然前进——甚至已决意赴死——以舍命之心展开极其惨烈喧腾的大战。

Word by Word

• samudīrita-vīryāḥ: with their valor stirred up
• samudīrita-vīryāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ud-īr (धातु) + kta (कृत्) + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (karmadhāraya-like participial qualifier): samudīritaṃ vīryaṃ yeṣām/ye (whose valor was roused); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of te/valīmukhāḥ

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• samāropita-vikramāḥ: with their prowess heightened
• samāropita-vikramāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-rop (धातु) + kta (कृत्) + vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: samāropitaḥ vikramaḥ yeṣām/ye (whose prowess was set/raised); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• paryavasthāpitāḥ: encouraged; steadied
• paryavasthāpitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-ava-√sthā (धातु) + ṇic (causative) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Causative kta-participle (past passive participle); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'having been made to stand firm/encouraged'

• vākyaiḥ: by words
• vākyaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana

• aṅgadena: by Angada
• aṅgadena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• valīmukhāḥ: the vanaras
• valīmukhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: valīmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'monkey-faces' i.e., monkeys/vanaras

• prayātāḥ: set out; advanced
• prayātāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'having set out'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• gatā-harṣam: with joy gone; joyless
• gatā-harṣam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gata (कृदन्त from √gam) + harṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: gataḥ harṣaḥ yeṣām (whose joy is gone); Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana used adverbially (state/condition while acting)

• maraṇe: in death; regarding death
• maraṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (Locative/7th), Ekavacana

• kṛta-ścayāḥ: having made a resolve
• kṛta-ścayāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त from √kṛ) + ścaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: kṛtaḥ ścayaḥ (decision/resolution) yeṣām; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• cakruḥ: made; waged
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

• su-tumulam: very tumultuous; fierce
• su-tumulam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva (intensifier): su-tumula = very fierce; Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of yuddham

• yuddham: battle
• yuddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vānarāḥ: the vanaras
• vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; apposition to valīmukhāḥ

• tyakta-jīvitāḥ: having renounced their lives; life-staking
• tyakta-jīvitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tyakta (कृदन्त from √tyaj) + jīvita (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: tyaktaṃ jīvitaṃ yeṣām (who have abandoned life); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

Context

The Vanara leaders, having been reminded of their valour in battle by Angada gladly returned with a resolve to stake their life and carried on the battle.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• Vānara leaders (Valīmukhas)
• Vānara army

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is sustained through collective responsibility: leaders inspire others to act for the common good, even at personal cost, when the cause is just.

What is the narrative situation?

Aṅgada rallies the Vānara chiefs; they return to the fight with renewed courage and engage in intense combat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Aṅgada’s leadership and the Vānara warriors’ tyāga (self-sacrifice) and utsāha (heroic zeal) in service of Rāma’s righteous mission.