Shloka 43

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

यदाचैनंनशेकुस्तेप्रतिबोधयितुंतदा ।।।।ततोगुरुतरंयत्नंदारुणंसमुपाक्रमन् ।

Transliteration

yadā cainaṃ na śekus te pratibodhayituṃ tadā | tato gurutaraṃ yatnaṃ dāruṇaṃ samupākraman ||

Translation

当他们仍然无法唤醒他时，便采取了更加沉重和严厉的手段。

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (when)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• शेकुः: they were able
• शेकुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शक् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• प्रतिबोधयितुम्: to awaken (him)
• प्रतिबोधयितुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति+बुध् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), अव्ययभाव; causative sense 'to awaken'

• तदा: then
• तदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (then)

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम-अव्यय (thereafter)

• गुरुतरम्: more intense/heavier
• गुरुतरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तरप्-प्रत्यय (comparative), विशेषण (of यत्नम्)

• यत्नम्: effort
• यत्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दारुणम्: dreadful
• दारुणम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of यत्नम्)

• समुपाक्रमन्: they undertook/commenced
• समुपाक्रमन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+उप+क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

They called him again and again, but he never got up. Then they made a difficult and dreadful effort approaching him.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It warns how determination can become escalation: effort is admirable when aligned with dharma, but when the goal is misguided, greater effort can deepen harm.

What is the narrative situation?

After repeated failures to wake Kumbhakarṇa, the rākṣasas decide to attempt more extreme measures.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Persistence (and the narrative’s caution about intensifying methods).