Shloka 39

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तंशैलशृङ्गैर्मुसलैर्गदाभिर्वृक्षैस्तरैर्मुद्गरमुष्टिभिश्च ।सुखप्रसुप्तंभुविकुम्भकर्णंरक्षांस्युदग्राणितदानिजघ्नुः ।।।।

Transliteration

taṃ śailaśṛṅgair musalair gadābhir vṛkṣais tarair mudgara-muṣṭibhiś ca | sukha-prasuptaṃ bhuvi kumbhakarṇaṃ rakṣāṃsy udagrāṇi tadā nijaghnuḥ ||

Translation

于是那些罗刹怒气腾涌，见俱婆迦耳那安卧于地、沉沉熟睡，便以岩峰、棍棒、钉锤、树木、铁槌，乃至拳头一齐击打他。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शैलशृङ्गैः: with mountain-peaks/rocks
• शैलशृङ्गैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल-शृङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक; components: शैल + शृङ्ग)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• मुसलैः: with pestles/bars
• मुसलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुसल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• गदाभिः: with maces
• गदाभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• वृक्षैः: with trees
• वृक्षैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तरैः: with trees
• तरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• मुद्गरमुष्टिभिः: with hammers and fists
• मुद्गरमुष्टिभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्गर-मुष्टि (प्रातिपदिक; components: मुद्गर + मुष्टि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (mudgars and fists)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• सुखप्रसुप्तम्: sleeping comfortably
• सुखप्रसुप्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख-प्रसुप्त (प्रातिपदिक; components: सुख + प्रसुप्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; निष्ठा-कृदन्त (प्रसुप्त) विशेषण (of कुम्भकर्णम्)

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक: भुव्/भूमि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• कुम्भकर्णम्: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• रक्षांसि: the rakshasas
• रक्षांसि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• उदग्राणि: fierce/impetuous
• उदग्राणि: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of रक्षांसि)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (then)

• निजघ्नुः: they struck
• निजघ्नुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि+हन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Then the excited Rakshasas could not wake up Kumbhakarna happily sleeping on the ground in spite of hitting with rocks and trees and their fists.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Gadā
• Musala
• Vṛkṣa (trees)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse implicitly contrasts restraint with excess: when reasoned means fail, the group resorts to violent escalation, illustrating how urgency can slide into disproportionate action.

What is the narrative situation?

Physical attempts intensify: the rākṣasas beat the sleeping Kumbhakarṇa with heavy objects and fists to wake him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Relentless effort (though portrayed through harsh methods) and the sheer immovability of Kumbhakarṇa’s sleep.