Shloka 4

शरबन्धनविलापः

The Lament under the Net of Arrows

Devanagari script

ततोदृष्टवासरुधिरंनिषण्णंगाढमर्पितम् ।भ्रातरंदीनवदनंपर्यदेवयदातुरः ।।6.49.4।।

Transliteration

tato dṛṣṭvā sa rudhiraṃ niṣaṇṇaṃ gāḍham arpitam | bhrātaraṃ dīnavadanaṃ paryadevayad āturaḥ ||6.49.4||

Translation

接着，看到他的兄弟——浑身是血，倒在地上，被紧紧捆绑，面容凄惨——罗摩悲痛欲绝，开始哀叹。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then, thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावेन; धातु: दृश् (to see)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम; कर्तृपद (Rama implied)

• rudhiram: bloodied, with blood
• rudhiram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rudhira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘भ्रातरम्’ इत्यस्य (bloodied)

• niṣaṇṇam: dejected, sunk
• niṣaṇṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-sad (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘भ्रातरम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; अर्थः ‘dejected/sunk down’

• gāḍham: firmly, tightly
• gāḍham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gāḍha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत्/विशेषणम् ‘अर्पितम्’ इत्यस्य (firmly)

• arpitam: bound/fastened
• arpitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: arp (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘भ्रातरम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; अर्थः ‘fastened/affixed’

• bhrātaram: brother (Lakshmana)
• bhrātaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• dīna-vadanam: with a wretched face
• dīna-vadanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna + vadana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘भ्रातरम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; समासः कर्मधारय (having a pitiable face)

• paryadevayat: lamented
• paryadevayat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-dev (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/लङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु: देव् (to lament) उपसर्ग: परि-

• āturaḥ: distressed
• āturaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘सः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

"O Bulls among Vanaras! All of you should go permitted by me. You have done friend's work. You may go where you wish to go. I permit said Rama."

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as relational responsibility: the righteous person is not emotionally indifferent; he recognizes bonds of duty and love, and grief itself testifies to moral seriousness.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma sees Lakṣmaṇa grievously hurt and restrained, and his sorrow erupts into lament.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassion and loyalty to kin: Rāma’s heart is anchored in dharmic bonds, especially the protective duty toward a devoted brother.