Shloka 1

चतुश्चत्वारिंशः सर्गः (Sarga 44): निशायुद्धम्, धूलिरुधिरप्रवाहः, इन्द्रजितो मायायुद्धम्

Devanagari script

युध्यतामेनतेषांतुतदावानरराक्षसाम् ।रविरस्तंगतोरात्रिःप्रवृत्ताप्राणहारिणी ।।।।

Transliteration

yudhyatām eva teṣāṃ tu tadā vānararākṣasām |

ravir astaṃ gato rātriḥ pravṛttā prāṇahāriṇī ||6.44.1||

Translation

当婆那罗与罗刹仍在厮杀之际，太阳已然西没，黑夜开始降临——在战乱喧嚣中，夺命的夜幕铺展开来。

Word by Word

• yudhyatām: (while they) fought / fight!
• yudhyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yudh (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (Imperative/लोट्), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Bahuvacana; ātmanepada; 'fight!' (or injunctive sense)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (particle of emphasis)

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana; pronoun

• tu: but / and
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Virodha/anuvādaka-nipāta (particle: but/and then)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• vānara-rākṣasām: of the Vanaras and Rakshasas
• vānara-rākṣasām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara + rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक; समाहार)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana

• raviḥ: the sun
• raviḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana

• astam: to setting (down)
• astam: Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म; goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; avyayībhāva-like usage with gataḥ: 'to setting'

• gataḥ: went / had set
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gata (कृदन्त; √gam धातु)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; PPP used predicatively with raviḥ

• rātriḥ: night
• rātriḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana

• pravṛttā: began / set in
• pravṛttā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pravṛtta (कृदन्त; pra-√vṛt धातु)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; PPP used predicatively with rātriḥ

• prāṇahāriṇī: life-destroying
• prāṇahāriṇī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prāṇa + hāriṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: prāṇān harati = life-taking; adjective qualifying rātriḥ

Context

Thus, as the Vanaras and Rakshasas were battling, the Sun began to set, which is not favourable to the life of Vanaras.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara (army)
• Rākṣasa (army)
• Sun
• Night

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes discernment about time and circumstance: night in war increases danger and moral risk (confusion, misidentification), reminding leaders to uphold order even when conditions worsen.

What is the narrative situation?

As the fighting continues uninterrupted, the sun sets and the battlefield enters a perilous night phase.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vigilance and restraint are implicitly called for: night requires heightened care so that righteous conduct is not lost amid chaos.