Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 37

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

ततःक्रोधसमाविष्टःसुषेणोहरिपुङ्गवः ।शिलांसुमहतींगृह्यनिशाचरमभिद्रवत् ।।6.43.37।।

Transliteration

tataḥ krodha-samāviṣṭaḥ suṣeṇo haripuṅgavaḥ | śilāṃ su-mahatīṃ gṛhya niśācaram abhidravat ||6.43.37||

Translation

于是，群猴之雄苏舍那（Suṣeṇa）怒火充满，抓起一块极其巨大的岩石，向那夜行者猛然冲去。

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/अनुक्रमवाचक (thereafter)

• क्रोध-समाविष्टः: seized by anger
• क्रोध-समाविष्टः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्+आ+विश् (धातु) → आविष्ट (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; 'क्रोधेन समाविष्टः' (possessed by anger)

• सुषेणः: Suṣeṇa
• सुषेणः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुषेण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• हरि-पुङ्गवः: leader among monkeys
• हरि-पुङ्गवः: कर्ता-सम्बन्ध (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक) + पुङ्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः = 'हरीणां पुङ्गवः' (bull/leader among monkeys)

• शिलाम्: a rock
• शिलाम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• सु-महतीम्: very large
• सु-महतीम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक) + सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; 'शिलाम्' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; सु = अत्यर्थे (very)

• गृह्य: having seized
• गृह्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): having seized/taken

• निशाचरम्: the rākṣasa
• निशाचरम्: कर्म (Object/goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• अभिद्रवत्: rushed at
• अभिद्रवत्: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि+द्रु (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Context

Thereafter overtaken by anger, the monkey leader Sushena seized the huge rock from the Rakshasa and dropped it.

Characters & Entities

• Suṣeṇa
• Vidyunmālī
• rock (śilā)
• Rākṣasa (niśācara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in a righteous cause, anger is depicted as a force that must be mastered; dharma is strongest when courage is guided by restraint and clarity.

What is the narrative situation?

Suṣeṇa, provoked by the ongoing assault, grabs a huge rock and rushes toward Vidyunmālī on foot.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śaurya (bravery), alongside a cautionary note about krodha (anger) rising during combat.