Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 10

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

वानरेन्द्रस्तुसुग्रीवःप्रघसेनसमागतः ।सङ्गतःसमरेश्रीमान्विरूपाक्षेणलक्ष्मणः ।।6.43.10।।

Transliteration

vānarendras tu sugrīvaḥ praghase na samāgataḥ |

saṅgataḥ samare śrīmān virūpākṣeṇa lakṣmaṇaḥ ||

Translation

婆那罗之主苏格利婆与普罗伽沙交战；而在那场战斗中，光辉的罗什曼那与毗卢帕叉正面相搏。

Word by Word

• vānarendraḥ: lord of the Vanaras
• vānarendraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to sugrīvaḥ

• tu: and/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• praghasena: with Praghasa/Praghasena
• praghasena: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praghāsa (प्रातिपदिक) / praghasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• samāgataḥ: met, encountered
• samāgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया, participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicative with sugrīvaḥ

• saṅgataḥ: met, engaged
• saṅgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया, participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicative with lakṣmaṇaḥ

• samare: in battle
• samare: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• śrīmān: illustrious, splendid
• śrīmān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śrīmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying lakṣmaṇaḥ

• virūpākṣeṇa: with Virupaksha
• virūpākṣeṇa: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: virūpākṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• lakṣmaṇaḥ: Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Sugriva the Lord of Vanaras fought with Praghana and prosperous Lakshmana fought with Virupaksha.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Praghāsa
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Virūpākṣa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as disciplined combat: leaders and heroes meet opponents directly, emphasizing responsibility and courage rather than indiscriminate violence.

What is the narrative situation?

The battle breaks into notable one-on-one engagements: Sugrīva vs. Praghāsa and Lakṣmaṇa vs. Virūpākṣa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (valor) and leadership—Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa personally face major adversaries.