Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 97

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

ते सह्यं समतिक्रम्य मलयं च महागिरिम् ।आसेदुरानुपूर्व्येण समुद्रं भमनिस्स्वनम् ।।।।

Transliteration

te sahyaṃ samatikramya malayaṃ ca mahāgirim |

āsedur ānupūrvyeṇa samudraṃ bhīmanissvanam ||

Translation

他们依次越过萨希耶山，又越过巍峨的摩罗耶大山，终于来到大海之前；其轰鸣之声令人战栗。

Word by Word

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (they)

• sahyam: (Mount) Sahya
• sahyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (पर्वतनाम)

• samatikramya: having crossed
• samatikramya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ati-√kram (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Gerund), अव्यय; ‘having crossed/passed over’

• malayam: (Mount) Malaya
• malayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: malaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (पर्वतनाम)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction: and)

• mahāgirim: the great mountain
• mahāgirim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-giri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (महान् गिरिः)

• āseduḥ: reached/arrived
• āseduḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sad (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन

• ānupūrvyena: in sequence/successively
• ānupūrvyena: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ānupūrvya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/भाववाचक, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणार्थे (in due order, successively)

• samudram: ocean
• samudram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• bhīmanissvanam: with a terrifying roar
• bhīmanissvanam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhīma-nissvana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (भीमः निस्स्वनः यस्य/यत्र)

Context

The vanaras crossing over the great Sahya and Malaya mountains one after another reached near the frightening ocean.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Sahya (mountain)
• Malaya (mountain)
• Ocean (samudra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is pursued through perseverance: righteous aims are reached by steady progress through successive hardships.

What is the narrative situation?

The host advances over major mountain ranges and finally arrives at the loud, formidable sea.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance and commitment to the mission (kṛtaniścaya).