Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 18

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

यास्यामि बलमध्येऽहं बलौघमभिहर्षयन् ।अधिरुह्य हनूमन्त मैरावत मिवेश्वरः ।।।।

Transliteration

yāsyāmi balamadhye 'haṃ balaugham abhiharṣayan | adhiruhya hanūmantaṃ mairāvatam iveśvaraḥ ||

Translation

我将进入军阵中央，振奋大军士气；我将乘骑哈奴曼，正如诸天之主乘骑爱罗婆多。

Word by Word

• यास्यामि: I shall go
• यास्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• बल-मध्ये: in the midst of the army
• बल-मध्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक) + मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: 'बलस्य मध्ये' (in the middle of the army)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• बल-ओघम्: the host of troops
• बल-ओघम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक) + ओघ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: 'बलस्य ओघः' (mass/stream of troops)

• अभि-हर्षयन्: encouraging
• अभि-हर्षयन्: Kriya (क्रिया; सहायक-क्रिया/participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-हृष्/हर्ष (धातु)
• Form: णिच्-प्रत्यय causative + शतृ (Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'gladdening/encouraging'

• अधिरुह्य: having mounted
• अधिरुह्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/preceding action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि-रुह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable): 'having mounted'

• हनूमन्तम्: Hanumān
• हनूमन्तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of mounting)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनूमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ऐरावतम्: Airāvata (Indra's elephant)
• ऐरावतम्: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऐरावत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपमान-शब्दः

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (like)

• ईश्वरः: the lord (Indra)
• ईश्वरः: Apposition (समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण (in apposition to अहम्)

Context

"Like the lord of gods riding on Iravatam I would mount on Hanuman and reach the centre of the army encouraging the army."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān
• Indra (īśvaraḥ)
• Airāvata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is leadership-through-duty: the righteous leader does not remain apart but enters the center of action, strengthening others’ resolve rather than seeking personal safety.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma outlines battle formation and movement toward Laṅkā, declaring how he will proceed with the vānaras—personally advancing while encouraging the troops.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s inspiring courage and protective kingship: he motivates the army and leads from the front.