Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 108

समुद्रतट-प्रयाणम् तथा वेलावन-निवेशः

March to the Seacoast and Encampment at the Shore

Devanagari script

वेलावनमुपागम्य ततस्ते हरिपुङ्गवाः ।निविष्टाश्च परं पारं काङ्क्षमाणा महोदधेः ।।।।

Transliteration

velāvanam upāgamya tatas te haripuṅgavāḥ |

niviṣṭāś ca paraṁ pāraṁ kāṅkṣamāṇā mahodadheḥ |

Translation

随后诸位婆那罗中的翘楚来到海岸林地，便安营驻足，心怀渴望，盼能抵达大海彼岸。

Word by Word

• velāvanam: the shore-forest
• velāvanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: velā (प्रातिपदिक) + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'velāyāḥ vanam' = 'forest by the shore'

• upāgamya: having approached
• upāgamya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√gam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable

• tataḥ: then/from there
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (काल/देशवाचक अव्यय)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• hari-puṅgavāḥ: chiefs of the monkeys
• hari-puṅgavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक) + puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'harīṇāṃ puṅgavāḥ' = 'leaders/best among monkeys'

• niviṣṭāḥ: encamped
• niviṣṭāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√viś (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; used predicatively: 'encamped'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• param: further/other
• param: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifying pāram

• pāram: the far shore
• pāram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• kāṅkṣamāṇāḥ: desiring
• kāṅkṣamāṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kāṅkṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; simultaneous action

• mahodadheḥ: of the great ocean
• mahodadheḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: 'great ocean'

Context

Then the heroic monkeys having arrived at the forest close to the ocean stood there desiring to reach the other shore.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara leaders (haripuṅgava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Perseverance in a righteous mission: the allies remain settled and intent on the just objective rather than scattering or losing focus.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vānara leaders reach the coastal forest and hold position while preparing to cross the ocean.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Determination (niścaya) and disciplined patience while awaiting the means to proceed.