Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 28

सागरप्रतीक्षा-क्रोधप्रादुर्भावः

Rama’s Vigil at the Ocean and the Rise of Wrath

Devanagari script

तोयवेगस्समुद्रस्यसनक्रमकरोमहान् ।सम्बभूवमहाघोरस्समारुतरवस्तदा ।।6.21.28।।

Transliteration

toyavegas samudrasya sa nakramakaro mahān |

sambabhūva mahāghoras samārutaravas tadā ||6.21.28||

Translation

于是大海水势汹涌，广大而可怖——其中满是鳄与摩伽罗——随风轰鸣，在动荡中翻腾。

Word by Word

• तोयवेगः: the rush of water
• तोयवेगः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक) + वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘तोयस्य वेगः’ (rush of water)

• समुद्रस्य: of the ocean
• समुद्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन

• सः: that/it
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेधसूचक (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक निपात (negation particle)

• क्रमकरः: moving/advancing
• क्रमकरः: कर्तृविशेषण (Karta-viśeṣaṇa/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रम (प्रातिपदिक) + कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘क्रमं करोति’ (moving/advancing)

• महान्: great
• महान्: कर्तृविशेषण (Karta-viśeṣaṇa/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण

• सम्बभूव: arose/became
• सम्बभूव: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग) + भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• महाघोरः: very terrible
• महाघोरः: कर्तृविशेषण (Karta-viśeṣaṇa/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा (पूर्वपद) + घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘महान् घोरः’ (very terrible)

• समारुतरवः: accompanied by wind-roar
• समारुतरवः: कर्तृविशेषण (Karta-viśeṣaṇa/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (सह) (पूर्वपद) + मारुत (प्रातिपदिक) + रव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘मारुतरवेन सह’ (with the sound of wind)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

Context

Bending the terrific bow, he released frightful arrows like Indra (who released thunderbolts) who performed a hundred sacrifices.

Characters & Entities

• Samudra/Sāgara (Ocean)
• Nakra (crocodile)
• Makara (sea-creature)
• Māruta (wind)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma recognizes that disorder spreads when fundamental balances are disturbed; thus, power must ultimately be used to restore order, not merely to display might.

What is the narrative situation?

The ocean reacts violently to the arrows, becoming turbulent, noisy, and dangerous with its creatures thrown into motion.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Narratively, it underscores the efficacy of Rāma’s resolve—his action compels the natural force to respond.