Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 15

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

रावणोऽपिततःक्रुद्धोरथस्थराक्षसेश्वरः ।।।।गदामुसलवर्षेणरामंप्रत्यर्दयद्रणे ।

Transliteration

rāvaṇo 'pi tataḥ kruddho rathastha rākṣaseśvaraḥ |

gadāmusala-varṣeṇa rāmaṃ pratyardayad raṇe ||

Translation

继而罗波那亦怒火中烧；那立于战车之上的罗刹之王，在战场上以杵槌与巨槌如雨般压迫罗摩，使其后退。

Word by Word

• रावणः: Ravana
• रावणः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अपि: also, even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), समुच्चय/अपि-अर्थे (also/even)

• ततः: then
• ततः: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, काल/अनन्तर (then/thereupon)

• क्रुद्धः: enraged
• क्रुद्धः: विशेषण (Adjectival to कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतकालिक विशेषण (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘क्रुद्ध’ = enraged

• रथस्थः: standing on the chariot
• रथस्थः: विशेषण (Adjectival to कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ratha-stha = on the chariot), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

• राक्षसेश्वरः: the lord of the Rakshasas
• राक्षसेश्वरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; apposition to रावणः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (rākṣasa-īśvara = lord of Rakshasas), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गदामुसलवर्षेण: with a shower of maces and mallets
• गदामुसलवर्षेण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा (प्रातिपदिक) + मुसल (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समाहार/उपमान-भावे तत्पुरुष (gadā-musalavarṣa = shower of maces and mallets), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• प्रति: towards, against
• प्रति: दिशा/सम्बन्ध (Directional particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्ग/अव्यय (towards/against)

• अर्दयत्: pressed hard, tormented
• अर्दयत्: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्द् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; ‘अर्दयत्’ = he tormented/pressed

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Context

Once again ensued a tumultuous war fought with maces, mallets, and iron bars, caused hair to stand and the resound of the speed of weapons caused agitation in the seven seas.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse illustrates how uncontrolled anger fuels escalation; in Ramayana ethics, wrath untethered from dharma becomes a driver of destructive choices.

What is the narrative situation?

After being checked by Rāma’s arrows, Rāvaṇa counterattacks with heavy weapons.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, it warns against the vice of krodha (anger) dominating judgment—an adharma-leaning impulse in leadership.