Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 20

लक्ष्मण-प्राणरक्षा:

Lakshmana’s Revival by the Herb-Mountain

Devanagari script

ऐ वं न विद्यतेरूपंगतासूनांविशम्पते ।।।।माविषादंमृकृथावीरसप्राणोऽयमरिन्दम ।

Transliteration

evaṃ na vidyate rūpaṃ gatāsūnāṃ viśāṃpate |

mā viṣādaṃ mṛ kṛthāḥ vīra saprāṇo 'yam arindama ||

Translation

人中之主啊，亡者断气之后，绝不会呈现如此形貌。勇士啊，莫陷忧悲——这位降伏仇敌者仍然活着。

Word by Word

• evam: thus/like this
• evam: Modifier (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb

• na: not
• na: Negator (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• vidyate: is found/exists
• vidyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vid (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada

• rūpam: appearance/form
• rūpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• gatāsūnām: of the dead
• gatāsūnām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + asu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural; बहुव्रीहि: 'whose life-breaths have gone' = 'dead'

• viśaṃpate: O lord of men
• viśaṃpate: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśaṃpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular; epithet 'lord of the people'

• mā: do not
• mā: Prohibition (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prohibitive particle used with imperative (लोट्)

• viṣādam: despondency/grief
• viṣādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• kṛthāḥ: do/make
• kṛthāḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular, Parasmaipada

• vīra: O hero
• vīra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• saprāṇaḥ: alive
• saprāṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa- (उपसर्गसदृश) + prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective 'with life/breathing'

• ayam: this (one)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• arindama: O tamer of enemies
• arindama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: arindama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular; epithet 'tamer of foes'

Context

"O hero! Those who cease to live will not have such appearance and signs. He who is a tamer of foes is alive. I tell you, do not grieve."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Suṣeṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is to resist paralyzing sorrow and act according to truth and duty; despair is portrayed as an obstacle to righteous response.

What is the narrative situation?

Suṣeṇa directly counsels Rāma not to grieve, asserting Lakṣmaṇa’s life remains.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage rooted in truth—strengthening others through accurate assessment and timely counsel.