Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 12

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

इदं तु मम दीनस्य मनो भूयः प्रकर्षति ।यदिहास्य प्रियाख्यातुर्न कुर्मि सदृशं प्रियम् ।।।।

Transliteration

idaṃ tu mama dīnasya mano bhūyaḥ prakarṣati |

yad ihāsya priyākhyātur na kurmi sadṛśaṃ priyam ||

Translation

“然而我这困顿之人，心中仍屡屡作痛：因为我无法以相称的恩惠回报那位带来如此可喜、振奋人心消息的人。”

Word by Word

• idam: this
• idam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; निर्देशवाचक-सर्वनाम

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrastive particle)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• dīnasya: of me, the distressed
• dīnasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; विशेषण (mama)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• bhūyaḥ: again, further
• bhūyaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): पुनः/अधिकम् (again/more)

• prakarṣati: draws/torments strongly
• prakarṣati: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra+kṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• yat: because
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय (conjunctional relative): 'because/that'

• iha: here
• iha: Deśa (देश/locative adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• asya: of him
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• priyākhyātuḥ: of the one who spoke pleasing words
• priyākhyātuḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya+ākhyātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (प्रियं आख्याति इति/प्रियस्य आख्यातृ)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• kurmi: I do
• kurmi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• sadṛśam: befitting
• sadṛśam: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sadṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (priyam)

• priyam: a pleasing (return) act
• priyam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

"To such a great one who attained success at this time, everything can be given. I give my embrace."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes reciprocity and gratitude: one should respond to benefaction with appropriate honor. Rāma’s sorrow shows ethical sensitivity to indebtedness for noble service.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma has received Hanumān’s successful report and feels he cannot adequately repay Hanumān’s immense help.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s humility and kṛtajñatā—he does not treat service as owed, but as a moral gift that deserves recognition.