Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 10

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

तन्नियोगे नियुक्तेन कृतं कृत्यं हनूमता ।न चात्मा लघुतां नीतस्सुग्रीवश्चापि तोषितः ।।।।

Transliteration

śrutvā hanumato vākyaṃ yathāvad abhibhāṣitam |

rāmaḥ prītisamāyukto vākyam uttaram abravīt ||

Translation

罗摩听罢哈奴曼依礼如法、条理分明之言，心怀深情，便开口作答。

Word by Word

• tat: in that
• tat: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; 'तस्मिन्' अर्थे, नियोगे इति सह

• niyoge: assignment/commission
• niyoge: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन

• niyuktena: by the appointed one
• niyuktena: Karana (करण/Agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ni+yuj (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) 'नियुक्त', पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; कर्तरि तृतीया (by the appointed one)

• kṛtam: done
• kṛtam: Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त, kṛ धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (predicate)

• kṛtyam: the duty/what had to be done
• kṛtyam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛtya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• hanūmatā: by Hanumān
• hanūmatā: Karana (करण/Agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanumat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• ātmā: self (his person)
• ātmā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• laghutām: littleness/insignificance
• laghutām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laghutā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• nītaḥ: was made/led
• nītaḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nīta (कृदन्त, nī धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'नीतः' = made/led

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugrīva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (also/even)

• toṣitaḥ: was pleased/satisfied
• toṣitaḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: toṣita (कृदन्त, tuṣ धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

"Having done the task assigned to him, Hanuman carried out what had to be done and accomplished without difficulty. This made Sugriva also happy."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in leadership includes honoring truthful service: Rāma listens carefully and responds with prīti (affection), modeling respectful, dharmic communication.

What is the narrative situation?

At the opening of Yuddhakāṇḍa, after Hanumān reports his mission, Rāma prepares to respond.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s gratitude and composure: he receives counsel properly and answers without rashness.