Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 62, Shloka 30

मधुवनभङ्गः

The Disruption of Madhuvana and Dadhimukha’s Complaint

Devanagari script

स कथञ्चिद्विमुक्तस्स्तैर्वानरैर्वानरर्षभः।उवाचैकान्तमाश्रित्य भृत्यान् स्वान् समुपागतान्।।5.62.30।।

Transliteration

sa kathañcid vimuktas tair vānarair vānararṣabhaḥ |

uvācaikāntam āśritya bhṛtyān svān samupāgatān ||5.62.30||

Translation

他好不容易才从那些婆那罗中脱身；达提穆迦——群猴之雄——走到僻静之处，向聚拢在身边的随从低声说道。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular

• कथञ्चित्: somehow/with difficulty
• कथञ्चित्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथञ्चित् (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• विमुक्तः: freed/escaped
• विमुक्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-मुच् (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: PPP (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular

• तैः: by them
• तैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• वानरैः: by the monkeys
• वानरैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural

• वानरर्षभः: bull among monkeys (chief monkey)
• वानरर्षभः: Apposition to Karta (कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): 'वानराणाम् ऋषभः'; Masculine, Nominative (1), Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, parasmaipada

• एकान्तम्: a secluded place
• एकान्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एकान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (2), Singular; used as object of gerund 'āśritya'

• आश्रित्य: having resorted to
• आश्रित्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-श्रि (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्)

• भृत्यान्: servants
• भृत्यान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2), Plural

• स्वान्: his own
• स्वान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Possessive adjective; Masculine, Accusative (2), Plural; agrees with भृत्यान्

• समुपागतान्: who had come/assembled
• समुपागतान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-उप-आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: PPP (क्त) 'समुपागत'; Masculine, Accusative (2), Plural; qualifies भृत्यान्

Context

Escaping from the vanaras with great difficulty, Dadhimukha, a bull among monkeys, repaired to a secluded place and said to his servants:

Characters & Entities

• Dadhimukha
• vanaras
• attendants/servants (bhṛtyāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Prudence after conflict: dharma includes stepping aside from chaos, gathering one’s people, and choosing orderly communication over further violence.

What is the narrative situation?

Dadhimukha manages to get away, retreats to privacy, and prepares to give instructions to his attendants.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical wisdom and composure—he shifts from fighting to planning and reporting.