Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 10

मधुवनप्रवेशः — The Vanaras Enter Madhuvana

Honey-Grove Episode

Devanagari script

ते तद्वनमुपागम्य बभूवुः परमोत्कटाः।वानरा वानरेन्द्रस्य मनः कान्ततमं महत्।।।।

Transliteration

te tad vanam upāgamya babhūvuḥ paramotkaṭāḥ | vānarā vānarendrasya manaḥ kāntatamaṁ mahat ||

Translation

他们来到那片林苑——广大而最为悦目的园林，最为猴王心所钟爱——众猴因而欢欣至极，兴奋不已。

Word by Word

• te: they/those
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (to वनम्)

• vanam: grove/forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• upāgamya: having reached
• upāgamya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-ā-gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having approached/reached’

• babhūvuḥ: became/were
• babhūvuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• paramotkaṭāḥ: extremely excited/overjoyed
• paramotkaṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama-utkaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण (to ते/वानराः)

• vānarāḥ: monkeys
• vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; apposition to ते

• vānarendrasya: of the monkey-king
• vānarendrasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara-indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; genitive (of the monkey-king)

• manaḥ: mind/heart
• manaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject of implied ‘was’ with adjectives

• kāntatamam: most delightful
• kāntatamam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kānta-tama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; superlative (तमप्) qualifying manaḥ

• mahat: great/very much
• mahat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (to manaḥ)

Context

On reaching the vanara king's extensive, delightful garden all the vanaras highly rejoiced.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• Madhuvana (implied by adjoining verses)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma subtly frames enjoyment as something that should remain connected to rightful belonging and order—this grove is associated with the Vānara-king, implying that delight should respect stewardship and permission.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vānara group arrives at the famed grove (Madhuvana) and is overwhelmed with excitement upon seeing its vast, pleasing beauty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective morale and renewed energy—joy becomes a force that strengthens the community for continued righteous effort.