Shloka 73

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

Devanagari script

जानक्या परुषं वाक्यमेवमुक्तो दशाननः।।।।जज्वाल सहसा कोपाच्चितास्थ इव पावकः।

Transliteration

jānakyā paruṣaṃ vākyam evam ukto daśānanaḥ |

jajvāla sahasā kopāc citāstha iva pāvakaḥ ||

Translation

被阇那姬以严厉之言斥责后，那十首者骤然因怒而燃起，如同火焰在葬柴堆上猛然腾起。

Word by Word

• जानक्या: by Janaki
• जानक्या: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जानकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3/Instrumental), एकवचन

• परुषम्: harsh
• परुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (वाक्यम्)

• वाक्यम्: speech/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/Accusative), एकवचन

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘thus’)

• उक्तः: having been addressed
• उक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु; उक्त = क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘having been spoken to/being addressed’

• दशाननः: the ten-faced (Ravana)
• दशाननः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश + आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (daśa-ānana = ‘ten-faced’)

• जज्वाल: blazed
• जज्वाल: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्वल् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• सहसा: suddenly
• सहसा: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/रीत्यर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: suddenly)

• कोपात्: from anger
• कोपात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5/Ablative), एकवचन

• चितास्थः: (as if) situated in a funeral pyre
• चितास्थः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चिता + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक; √स्था-आधारित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (citā-stha = ‘standing in a pyre’) उपमान-विशेषणम् (पावकः इव)

• इव: like/as
• इव: Upama (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमार्थक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• पावकः: fire
• पावकः: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पावक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1/Nominative), एकवचन

Context

"Thus addressed harshly by Janaki, the ten-headed Ravana blazed up in anger suddenly like the flame of the funeral pyre.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (Jānakī)
• Rāvaṇa (Daśānana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unchecked anger is a mark of adharma: when ego is challenged, the unrighteous respond with rage rather than reflection and restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

After Sītā’s sharp condemnation, Rāvaṇa’s fury erupts, escalating the tension of the confrontation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, Sītā’s fearlessness in truthful speech stands out; Rāvaṇa’s vice is krodha (anger) fueled by wounded pride.