Shloka 12

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

Devanagari script

पितृव्यं चापि मां विद्धि सखायं मातरिश्वनः।।।।मैनाकमिति विख्यातं निवसन्तं महोदधौ।

Transliteration

pitṛvyaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sakhāyaṃ mātariśvanaḥ |

mainākam iti vikhyātaṃ nivasantaṃ mahodadhau |

Translation

你也当知我如同你的叔父一般，是摩多利湿梵（风神）的友伴；我名闻为摩那迦，居于浩瀚大海之中。

Word by Word

• pitṛvyaṃ: paternal uncle
• pitṛvyaṃ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛvya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); predicate-object with vidhi ‘know (me as) uncle’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (also/even)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, उत्तमपुरुष, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg)

• viddhi: know (you)
• viddhi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vid (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• sakhāyam: friend
• sakhāyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sakhāy (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); predicate-object with viddhi

• mātariśvanaḥ: of Mātariśvan (Wind-god)
• mātariśvanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātariśvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Gen sg)

• mainākam-iti: (called) ‘Maināka’
• mainākam-iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: maināka (प्रातिपदिक) + iti (अव्यय)
• Form: इति-प्रयोग (quotative); नामनिर्देश ‘(called) Maināka’

• vikhyātaṃ: renowned, known as
• vikhyātaṃ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√khyā (धातु) > vikhyāta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; agrees with mām understood / or with mainākam as apposition

• nivasantam: residing
• nivasantam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-√vas (धातु) > nivasat (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (Acc sg); qualifies mām/mainākam

• mahā-udadhau: in the great ocean
• mahā-udadhau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (Loc sg); समास: महा + उदधि

Context

'Know me to be a friend of wind-god and so I am like your father's brother. I am dwelling in this great ocean and known as Mainaka.

Characters & Entities

• Maināka
• Mātariśvan (Vāyu/Wind-god)
• mahodadhi (great ocean)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma of hospitality and gratitude: benevolence arises from remembered friendship and rightful obligation toward another’s welfare.

What is the narrative situation?

During Hanumān’s ocean-crossing (elsewhere in Sundara-kāṇḍa), Maināka introduces himself and offers supportive aid as a friend of Vāyu.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kṛtajñatā (gratitude) and saṃbandha-dharma (duty arising from relationships).