Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 34, Shloka 35

सीताहनूमद्भाषणम्

Sita Tests the Messenger; Hanuman Offers Reassurance

Devanagari script

लक्ष्मणश्च महातेजास्सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः।अभिवाद्य महाबाहुस्स त्वां कौशलमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

lakṣmaṇaś ca mahātejā sumitrānandavardhanaḥ | abhivādya mahābāhuḥ sa tvāṁ kauśalam abravīt ||

Translation

光辉炽盛的罗什曼那——长臂之勇、苏蜜特罗之喜——向你致敬，并问候你的安康。

Word by Word

• tena: by him; therefore
• tena: Karana (करण/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘by him/therefore’ (instrumental)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• preṣitaḥ: sent
• preṣitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: preṣita (कृदन्त; √preṣ)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि-कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे ‘sent’

• dūtaḥ: envoy; messenger
• dūtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to aham

• tvat-sakāśam: to your presence
• tvat-sakāśam: Karma (कर्म/goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + sakāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (tava sakāśam = ‘to your presence’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• āgataḥ: have come
• āgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āgata (कृदन्त; √gam)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त; past active sense), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having come/come’

• tvad-viyogena: due to separation from you
• tvad-viyogena: Hetu (हेतु/cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + viyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (tava viyogena = ‘by separation from you’); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; हेतौ (cause)

• duḥkhārtaḥ: afflicted with grief
• duḥkhārtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (duḥkhena ārtaḥ = ‘afflicted with sorrow’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of saḥ (Rama)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kauśalam: welfare; well-being
• kauśalam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kauśala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘welfare’ as object of speech

• abravīt: said; spoke
• abravīt: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

"The brilliant, long-armed Lakshmana, delight of Sumitra enquires about your welfare and offers salutations to you.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sumitrā
• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as respectful conduct and solidarity in suffering—Lakṣmaṇa maintains righteous courtesy (salutation) and concern (welfare inquiry) even amid crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman, having found Sītā in Laṅkā, begins delivering messages from Rāma’s side, including Lakṣmaṇa’s greetings and concern.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s loyalty and compassionate attentiveness—he remains devoted to Sītā’s dignity and safety.