Shloka 50

सीताविलापः

Sita’s Lament and Prophecy of Lanka’s Ruin

Devanagari script

प्रियान्न संभवेद्दुःखमप्रियादधिकं भयम्।।।।ताभ्यां हि ये वियुज्यन्ते नमस्तेषां महात्मनाम्।

Transliteration

priyān na saṃbhaved duḥkham apriyād adhikaṃ bhayam | tābhyāṃ hi ye viyujyante namas teṣāṃ mahātmanām ||

Translation

由可喜之物不生忧苦，由可厌之物不生过度恐惧——对于已与二者皆离的伟大圣者而言。向他们致敬。

Word by Word

• प्रियात्: from/owing to what is pleasant
• प्रियात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); source/cause sense (अपादान)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• संभवेत्: may arise/occur
• संभवेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam√bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• अप्रियात्: from/owing to what is unpleasant
• अप्रियात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); source/cause sense (अपादान)

• अधिकम्: greater/excessive
• अधिकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adhika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used as predicate adjective qualifying भयम्

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ताभ्याम्: from both (of these)
• ताभ्याम्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Ablative/Instrumental (5th/पञ्चमी or 3rd/तृतीया), Dual (द्विवचन); here Ablative: 'from both'

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic/explanatory particle (निपात)

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• वियुज्यन्ते: are separated/detach
• वियुज्यन्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√yuj (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोग)
• Form: Fixed salutation form (नमस्-प्रयोगः), used with dative/genitive sense 'salutation to'

• तेषाम्: of/to them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• महात्मनाम्: of the great-souled ones
• महात्मनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-ātman (प्रातिपदिक; components: mahā + ātman)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

"Salutations to those exalted souls who have distanced themselves from pleasure and displeasure. Pleasures may not lead to suffering or displeasure to excessive, meaningless fear for such great souls.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Detachment from pleasure and pain supports ethical clarity: when one is not ruled by attraction or aversion, fear and grief lose their power.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā, suffering emotional extremes, honors the sages’ equanimity as an ideal beyond the swings of delight and distress.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Samatā (even-mindedness) and fearlessness born from renunciation (viyoga from priya-apriya).