Shloka 11

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

ततो रामं स्थितं दृष्ट्वा लक्ष्मणं च महाबलम्।सुग्रीवस्सर्वतश्चक्षुर्वने लोलमपातयत्।।

Transliteration

tato rāmaṃ sthitaṃ dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇaṃ ca mahābalam | sugrīvaḥ sarvataś cakṣur vane lolam apātayat ||

Translation

随后，见罗摩立于彼处，身旁有大力的罗什曼那，苏格利瓦便将不安的目光投向林中四方，环顾搜寻。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, कालवाचक (then/thereupon)

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• स्थितम्: standing
• स्थितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √sthā (धातु) + kta → sthita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; रामम् इति विशेषणम्

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव

• लक्ष्मणम्: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)

• महाबलम्: mighty
• महाबलम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (महद् बलं यस्य/महाबलः); पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; लक्ष्मणम् इति विशेषणम्

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा

• सर्वतः: on all sides
• सर्वतः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (from all sides)

• चक्षुः: eyes; gaze
• चक्षुः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative)

• वने: in the forest
• वने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी (Locative)

• लोलम्: restless; wavering
• लोलम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lola (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; चक्षुः इति विशेषणम्

• अपातयत्: cast; directed
• अपातयत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa√pat (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense in context: 'cast/let fall'

Context

With mighty Rama and Lakshmana standing by, Sugriva cast his eyes eagerly all round the forest.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Caution joined with discernment: Sugrīva’s restless scanning reflects a prudent, self-protective vigilance shaped by past harm, suggesting that Dharma also includes wise alertness in dangerous circumstances.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva has come near Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa; upon seeing them, he anxiously surveys the forest, still wary of threats (especially from Vālin).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Prudence (saṃśaya-janya-sāvadhānatā): Sugrīva’s careful watchfulness before speaking or trusting fully.