Shloka 9

हनूमद्

दूत्यम् / Hanuman’s Mediation and Lakshmana’s Appeal to Sugriva

Devanagari script

वीरो दशरथस्यायं पुत्राणां गुणवत्तमः।।4.4.9।।राजलक्षणसम्पन्नस्सम्युक्तो राजसम्पदा।राज्याद्भ्रष्टो वने वस्तुं मया सार्धमिहागतः4.4.10।।

Transliteration

vīro daśarathasyāyaṃ putrāṇāṃ guṇavattamaḥ || 4.4.9 || rāja-lakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ saṃyukto rāja-sampadā | rājyād bhraṣṭo vane vastuṃ mayā sārdham ihāgataḥ || 4.4.10 ||

Translation

此英雄乃达沙罗陀诸子中德行最胜者——具足王者之相，兼备君王之德。然而他被逐出国土，便与我同来此处，欲居于林野。

Word by Word

• vīraḥ: hero/warrior
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

• daśarathasya: of Dasaratha
• daśarathasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Singular (एकवचन)

• ayam: this (one)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

• putrāṇām: among/of the sons
• putrāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural (बहुवचन); partitive genitive ‘among sons’

• guṇavattamaḥ: most virtuous
• guṇavattamaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guṇavat (प्रातिपदिक) + tamaP (तद्धित-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन); superlative (तमप्) ‘most virtuous’

• rāja-lakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ: endowed with royal traits
• rāja-lakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + sampanna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; कृदन्त (क्त) as adjective ‘endowed with royal marks’; Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

• saṃyuktaḥ: joined/endowed
• saṃyuktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-√yuj (धातु) > saṃyukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त) used predicatively: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

• rāja-sampadā: with royal prosperity
• rāja-sampadā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + sampad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; Feminine, Instrumental (तृतीया 3), Singular (एकवचन); means ‘with royal prosperity’

• rājyāt: from the kingdom
• rājyāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (पञ्चमी 5), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhraṣṭaḥ: fallen/banished
• bhraṣṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √bhraṃś (धातु) > bhraṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त) used predicatively: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

• vane: in the forest
• vane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी 7), Singular (एकवचन)

• vastum: to live (to reside)
• vastum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive): ‘to dwell/reside’

• mayā: with me/by me
• mayā: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: First person pronoun; Instrumental (तृतीया 3), Singular (एकवचन)

• sārdham: together with
• sārdham: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sārdham (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (postposition/adverb): ‘together with’

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘here’

• āgataḥ: has come
• āgataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-gam (धातु) > āgata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त) used predicatively: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Singular (एकवचन)

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Daśaratha
• Kingdom (Ayodhyā implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma can require renunciation: though fit to rule, Rāma accepts forest-life, showing integrity beyond status and comfort.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa clarifies that Rāma—royal and supremely virtuous—has nevertheless come to the forest due to separation from the kingdom.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadfastness and dignity: royal excellence remains intact even in hardship.