Shloka 10

हनूमद्

दूत्यम् / Hanuman’s Mediation and Lakshmana’s Appeal to Sugriva

Devanagari script

वीरो दशरथस्यायं पुत्राणां गुणवत्तमः।।4.4.9।।राजलक्षणसम्पन्नस्सम्युक्तो राजसम्पदा।राज्याद्भ्रष्टो वने वस्तुं मया सार्धमिहागतः4.4.10।।

Transliteration

vīro daśarathasyāyaṃ putrāṇāṃ guṇavattamaḥ | rājalakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ saṃyukto rāja-sampadā | rājyād bhraṣṭo vane vastuṃ mayā sārdham ihāgataḥ || 4.4.10 ||

Translation

此乃达沙拉陀之英勇之子，诸子之中德行最胜；具足王者之相与王家之荣。然因失国被逐，遂与我同来，居于林野。

Word by Word

• vīraḥ: hero; warrior
• vīraḥ: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masculine, nominative singular)

• daśarathasya: of Daśaratha
• daśarathasya: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masculine, genitive singular)

• ayam: this (man)
• ayam: कर्तृ (subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (pronoun, masculine, nominative singular)

• putrāṇām: among/of the sons
• putrāṇām: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation: among/of the sons)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (masculine, genitive plural)

• guṇavattamaḥ: most virtuous; best in qualities
• guṇavattamaḥ: कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate/subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: guṇavat (प्रातिपदिक) + -tama (तमप्-प्रत्यय, superlative)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine, nominative singular; adjective)

• rāja-lakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ: endowed with royal traits
• rāja-lakṣaṇa-sampannaḥ: कर्तृ-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + sampanna (कृदन्त; √pad् (पद्) + सम् उपसर्ग, क्त)
• Form: समासः (तत्पुरुषः): rāja-lakṣaṇa = 'royal marks/traits'; तेन सम्पन्नः इति। पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine, nominative singular; adjectival past participle)

• samyuktaḥ: joined with; endowed with
• samyuktaḥ: कर्तृ-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samyukta (कृदन्त; √yuj् (युज्) + सम् उपसर्ग, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine, nominative singular; adjectival past participle)

• rāja-sampadā: with royal wealth/prosperity
• rāja-sampadā: करण (instrument/means: 'with/by')
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + sampad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः (तत्पुरुषः): rāja-sampad = 'royal prosperity/wealth'. स्त्रीलिङ्गः, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (feminine, instrumental singular)

• rājyāt: from the kingdom
• rājyāt: अपादान (source/separation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neuter, ablative singular)

• bhraṣṭaḥ: fallen/banished; driven out
• bhraṣṭaḥ: कर्तृ-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhraṣṭa (कृदन्त; √bhraṃś्/भ्रंश् (भ्रंश्) , क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (masculine, nominative singular; adjectival past participle)

• vane: in the forest
• vane: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neuter, locative singular)

• vastum: to reside
• vastum: प्रयोजन/अनन्तरक्रिया (purpose infinitive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस्)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्तम् (infinitive): वस्तुम्; 'to dwell/reside' (infinitive of √vas)

• mayā: with me
• mayā: सहकर्ता/सह (accompaniment; with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (pronoun, instrumental singular: 'by/with me')

• sārdham: together with
• sārdham: सह (accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sārdham (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; सहार्थक-अव्ययम् (indeclinable expressing accompaniment: 'together with')

• iha: here
• iha: अधिकरण (deictic location: here)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; देशवाचक-अव्ययम् (indeclinable adverb of place)

• āgataḥ: has come
• āgataḥ: कर्तृ (predicate of the subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āgata (कृदन्त; √gam (गम्) + ā उपसर्ग, क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त-भूतकृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; वाक्ये क्रियापदवत् (past participle used as finite: 'has come')

Characters & Entities

• Lakshmana
• Rama
• Dasaratha
• Kingdom (Ayodhya implied)
• Forest (exile setting)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as adherence to rightful conduct even in loss: Rāma retains royal virtue and dignity despite exile, showing that dharma is character, not circumstance.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa identifies Rāma to Hanumān, explaining his royal nature and the fact of his banishment and forest-dwelling.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Maryādā (propriety) and steadiness: Rāma’s inner kingship remains intact though outward sovereignty is taken away.