Shloka 78

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

वर्षासमयकालं तु प्रतिज्ञाय हरीश्वरः।व्यतीतांश्चतुरो मासान्विहरन्नावबुध्यते।।

Transliteration

varṣāsamayakālaṃ tu pratijñāya harīśvaraḥ |

vyatītāṃś caturō māsān viharann āvabudhyate ||

Translation

猴王虽曾立誓待雨季过后便起而行事，却在逸乐嬉游中浑然不觉，四个月已然过去。

Word by Word

• वर्षासमयकालम्: the time of the rainy season
• वर्षासमयकालम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा-समय-काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (वर्षायाः समयः इति, तस्य कालः इति)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थे ‘but/indeed’

• प्रतिज्ञाय: having sworn/promised
• प्रतिज्ञाय: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); ‘having promised/sworn’

• हरीश्वरः: Sugriva (lord of monkeys)
• हरीश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरीश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (हरीणाम् ईश्वरः)

• व्यतीतान्: elapsed/spent
• व्यतीतान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-अति-इ (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle) ‘elapsed’; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘मासान्’ इति विशेषणम्

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘मासान्’ इति विशेषणम्

• मासान्: months
• मासान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन

• विहरन्: sporting/revelling
• विहरन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हृ (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगः

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation)

• अवबुध्यते: realizes/is aware
• अवबुध्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Context

'Having promised (to search for Sita) after the rainy season,Sugriva is not aware that he has (already) spent the four months-revelling.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A vow is not merely spoken—it is time-bound responsibility; negligence and indulgence violate satya and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakshmana notes that the agreed waiting period (monsoon) is over and Sugriva has wasted four months in enjoyment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and punctuality in fulfilling commitments.