Shloka 31

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

अभ्यागतैश्चारुविशालपक्षैस्सरःप्रियैः पद्मरजोवकीर्णैः।महानदीनां पुलिनोपयातैःक्रीडन्ति हंसास्सह चक्रवाकैः।।

Transliteration

abhyāgataiś cāru-viśāla-pakṣaiḥ saraḥ-priyaiḥ padma-rajo-vakīrṇaiḥ |

mahānadīnāṃ pulinopayātaiḥ krīḍanti haṃsāḥ saha cakravākaiḥ ||

Translation

喜爱湖泊的天鹅，新近飞来，宽美的羽翼上沾着莲花花粉；它们与鸳鸯鸟（cakravāka）一同在大河的沙洲岸边嬉戏。

Word by Word

• अभ्यागतैः: with those that have arrived
• अभ्यागतैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + आगत (प्रातिपदिक; √गम्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन; विशेषण of (हंसैः implied)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (Conjunction)

• चारुविशालपक्षैः: with lovely broad-winged (birds)
• चारुविशालपक्षैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु + विशाल + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of (हंसैः implied)

• सरःप्रियैः: with lake-loving (ones)
• सरःप्रियैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सरस् + प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of (हंसैः implied)

• पद्मरजोवकीर्णैः: with (those) dusted with lotus pollen
• पद्मरजोवकीर्णैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पद्म + रजस् + अवकीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; √कॄ/कीर्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; अवकीर्ण (क्त-प्रत्यय, PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of (हंसैः implied)

• महानदीनाम्: of great rivers
• महानदीनाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• पुलिनोपयातैः: with those that have come to the sandbanks
• पुलिनोपयातैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुलिन + उपयात (प्रातिपदिक; √या)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; उपयात (क्त-प्रत्यय, PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण of (हंसैः implied)

• क्रीडन्ति: sport/play
• क्रीडन्ति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रीड् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• हंसाः: swans
• हंसाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक (Association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अव्यय (Prepositional adverb: ‘together with’)

• चक्रवाकैः: with cakravāka birds
• चक्रवाकैः: सहकारक/सङ्ग (Association; instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्रवाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)

Context

'The swans have come face to face with chakravaka birds. They have newly arrived. Lovers of lakes, they are shaking the pollen of lotuses on their lovely wide wings and have settled on the sandy banks-sporting.

Characters & Entities

• swans (haṃsa)
• cakravāka birds
• lotus (padma)
• sandbanks (pulina)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The harmony of birds gathered in season reflects social dharma: beings flourish when they assemble rightly and act in accord with natural and communal order.

What is the narrative situation?

Autumn brings migratory gatherings; Rāma notes swans and cakravākas enjoying riverbanks, contrasting their union with his separation from Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity (sahṛdayatā): Rāma’s keen observation of living beings frames his own ethical urgency and emotional truth.