Shloka 32

हनूमता सुग्रीवस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Hanuman’s Counsel on Timely Ally-Duty

Devanagari script

ये त्वन्तपालाः प्लवगाश्शीघ्रगा व्यवसायिनः।समानयन्तु ते सैन्यं त्वरिताश्शासनान्मम।।स्वयं चानन्तरं सैन्यं भवानेवानुपश्यतु।

Transliteration

ye tv antapālāḥ plavagāḥ śīghragā vyavasāyinaḥ | samānayantu te sainyaṃ tvaritāḥ śāsanān mama || svayaṃ cānantaraṃ sainyaṃ bhavān evānupaśyatu ||

Translation

那些守卫边境、迅捷而果决的猿将，当奉我命令迅速召集其军；而你本人——唯有你——须亲自察看其后续的布置与展开。

Word by Word

• ye: who (those)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha/Discourse particle (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (निपात), adversative/emphatic particle

• antapālāḥ: frontier-guards/chiefs of borders
• antapālāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition to ye)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anta (प्रातिपदिक) + pāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) ‘antānāṃ pālāḥ’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• plavagāḥ: monkeys
• plavagāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition to ye)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• śīghragāḥ: swift-moving
• śīghragāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śīghra (प्रातिपदिक) + ga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya/Tatpuruṣa usage ‘śīghraṃ gacchanti’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन), adjective qualifying plavagāḥ

• vyavasāyinaḥ: diligent/enterprising
• vyavasāyinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyavasāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन), adjective qualifying plavagāḥ; ‘enterprising/diligent’

• samānayantu: let them bring/assemble
• samānayantu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√nī (नी धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Plural (बहुवचन)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता) (subject of samānayantu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• sainyam: army
• sainyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• tvaritāḥ: quick/hurried
• tvaritāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tvarita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन), adjective qualifying te (they)

• śāsanāt: from (my) order/command
• śāsanāt: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन); ‘from/according to the command’

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)

• svayam: personally
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (समुच्चय-निपात), conjunction

• anantaram: immediately/thereafter
• anantaram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially = ‘immediately/next’

• sainyam: the army
• sainyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavān: you (sir)
• bhavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma-like honorific (भवत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (अवधारण-निपात), emphatic particle

• anupaśyatu: should supervise/oversee
• anupaśyatu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√paś (पश् धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular (एकवचन); honorific imperative for bhavān

Context

'Let the swift-footed monkeys, guardians of frontiers, army chiefs muster soon in obedience to my command. You (Nila) alone should personally supervise the work to be done next.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Nīla
• Vānara-senā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Delegation must be paired with accountability: dharma in governance requires both rapid response and direct oversight of critical next steps.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva accelerates mobilization by calling in frontier units and instructing Nīla to supervise the next phase personally.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s renewed seriousness and insistence on disciplined execution; Nīla’s reliability is assumed and reinforced.