Shloka 51

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

सुरतामर्दविच्छिन्नास्स्वर्गस्त्रीहारमौक्तिकाः।पतन्ति चातुला दिक्षु तोयधारास्समन्तत:।।

Transliteration

suratāmarda-vicchinnāḥ svargastrī-hāra-mauktikāḥ | patanti cātulā dikṣu toyadhārāḥ samantataḥ ||

Translation

四方八面，无与伦比的水流倾泻而下——宛如天女项链上的珍珠，因情爱嬉戏的摩挲而断裂，纷纷坠落。

Word by Word

• सुरतामर्दविच्छिन्नाः: torn by amorous rubbing
• सुरतामर्दविच्छिन्नाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरत + मर्द + विच्छिन्न (छिद् धातु, क्त; कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—सुरते मर्देन विच्छिन्नाः (torn by rubbing in love-sport)

• स्वर्गस्त्रीहारमौक्तिकाः: pearls from celestial women’s necklaces
• स्वर्गस्त्रीहारमौक्तिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्ग + स्त्री + हार + मौक्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—स्वर्गस्त्रीणां हारस्य मौक्तिकाः (pearls of the necklaces of celestial women)

• पतन्ति: fall
• पतन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (पत् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and, also
• च: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अतुलाः: incomparable
• अतुलाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण

• दिक्षु: in the directions
• दिक्षु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), बहुवचन

• तोयधाराः: streams of water
• तोयधाराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय + धारा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—तोयस्य धाराः (streams of water)

• समन्ततः: on all sides
• समन्ततः: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

Context

'The strings of incomparable waterfalls all over the mountain appear as though pearls from the chains of sexually indulgent celestial women are dropping down from heaven, broken through physical friction.

Characters & Entities

• Heaven (svarga)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It implicitly contrasts pleasure and consequence: even celestial enjoyment is shown as causing ‘breakage’; dharma encourages moderation and awareness of the results of indulgence.

What is the narrative situation?

A heightened poetic simile for monsoon cascades, comparing them to fallen pearls from divine ornaments.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moderation (saṃyama): the image warns that uncontrolled passion can lead to loss, even amid luxury.