Shloka 38

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

स्वनैर्घनानां प्लवगाः प्रबुद्धाःविहाय निद्रां चिरसन्निरुद्धाम्।अनेकरूपाकृतिवर्णनादाःनवाम्बुधाराभिहता नदन्ति।।

Transliteration

svanair ghanānāṃ plavagāḥ prabuddhāḥ vihāya nidrāṃ cirasanniruddhām |

anekarūpākṛtivarṇanādāḥ navāmbudhārābhihatā nadanti ||

Translation

被浓云的雷鸣惊醒，青蛙抛却久被拘束的长眠；新落的雨流击打着它们，它们便以多样的形态、色泽与声调齐声呱鸣。

Word by Word

• स्वनैः: by sounds
• स्वनैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/Instrumental), बहुवचन; means: by sounds

• घनानाम्: of clouds
• घनानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/Genitive), बहुवचन

• प्लवगाः: frogs
• प्लवगाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लवग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्तृ/Nominative), बहुवचन

• प्रबुद्धाः: awakened
• प्रबुद्धाः: Karta-anvayi (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र + बुध् (धातु) → प्रबुद्ध (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with प्लवगाः

• विहाय: having abandoned
• विहाय: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि + हा (धातु) → विहाय (क्त्वान्त/gerund)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); prior action

• निद्राम्: sleep
• निद्राम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निद्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/Accusative), एकवचन

• चिरसन्निरुद्धाम्: long restrained/held back for long
• चिरसन्निरुद्धाम्: Karma-anvayi (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चिरम् (अव्यय) + सं + नि + रुध् (धातु) → सन्निरुद्ध (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (अव्ययपूर्वपद); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with निद्राम्

• अनेकरूपाकृतिवर्णनादाः: having many kinds of forms, shapes, colors, and sounds
• अनेकरूपाकृतिवर्णनादाः: Karta-anvayi (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेक (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक) + आकृति (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + नाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with प्लवगाः

• नवाम्बुधाराभिहताः: struck by fresh rain-streams
• नवाम्बुधाराभिहताः: Karta-anvayi (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव (प्रातिपदिक) + अम्बुधारा (प्रातिपदिक) + अभि + हन् (धातु) → अभिहत (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with प्लवगाः

• नदन्ति: croak/sound
• नदन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

Context

'Frogs of different forms, colours and sounds are croaking, awakened from their long sleep by the thunders of clouds and flow of fresh rain-water.

Characters & Entities

• clouds
• rain

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as renewal and responsiveness: when conditions change, beings rise from inertia into rightful activity. Ethically, it encourages timely action rather than prolonged negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

In the monsoon setting, Rama points to frogs emerging and sounding after dormancy, intensifying the season’s living chorus.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Perseverance with clarity: Rama’s observations mirror his own readiness to act when the right time comes, despite delay and hardship.