Shloka 11

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

कशाभिरिव हैमीभिर्विद्युद्भिरिवताडितम्।अन्तस्त्सतनिर्घोषं सवेदनमिवाम्बरम्।।

Transliteration

kaśābhir iva haimībhir vidyudbhir iva tāḍitam |

antasstanirghoṣaṁ savedanam ivāmbaram || 4.28.11 ||

Translation

苍穹仿佛被金色的鞭子——闪电——所抽击，内里又轰鸣着雷声；看起来宛如因痛楚而呼号。

Word by Word

• कशाभिः: by whips
• कशाभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• हैमीभिः: golden
• हैमीभिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हैम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; ‘कशा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• विद्युद्भिः: by lightning-flashes
• विद्युद्भिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्युत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• ताडितम्: struck/lashed
• ताडितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √ताड् (धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कृदन्त-क्त (PPP)

• अन्तः: within
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः (अव्यय/उपसर्गवत्)
• Form: अव्यय; स्थानवाचक-अव्यय (adverb) = within

• स्तन-निर्घोषम्: thunder-roar
• स्तन-निर्घोषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तनित (प्रातिपदिक) + निर्घोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (स्तनितं एव निर्घोषः)

• स-वेदनम्: as if in pain/crying
• स-वेदनम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय-उपसर्गवत्) + वेदन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः = वेदनायुक्तम् (with pain/cry)

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• अम्बरम्: sky
• अम्बरम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

'The triggering of lightning in the dark clouds appears to me like austere Vaidehistruggling helplessly to get free from the lap of Ravana.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes truthful acknowledgment of suffering without surrendering to it. Rāma’s perception of the sky’s ‘pain’ reflects honest grief (satya to one’s inner state) held within the larger duty to persevere.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, in the monsoon season, describes lightning and thunder in emotionally charged imagery while speaking to Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Emotional honesty combined with endurance—grief is expressed, yet the mission remains.