Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 30

Saptajana-āśrama Darśana and the Approach to Kiṣkindhā

Hermitage of Seven Sages; March toward Vāli’s Capital

Devanagari script

ततस्तु रामानुजरामवानराःप्रगृह्य शस्त्राण्युदिताग्र्यतेजसः।पुरीं सुरेशात्मजवीर्यपालितांवधाय शत्रोः पुनरागतास्सह।।

Transliteration

tatas tu rāmānujarāma-vānarāḥ pragṛhya śastrāṇy uditāgrya-tejasaḥ | purīṃ sureśātmaja-vīrya-pālitāṃ vadhāya śatroḥ punar āgatās saha ||

Translation

于是罗摩、罗摩之弟罗什曼那与众婆那罗——辉光渐起、灿然最胜——执持兵刃，同返那由因陀罗之子勇力所护的城邑，誓欲诛灭仇敌。

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence: "then"

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle/conjunction (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• rāma-anuja-rāma-vānarāḥ: Rama, Lakshmana, and the monkeys
• rāma-anuja-rāma-vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक) + anuja (प्रातिपदिक) + rāma (प्रातिपदिक) + vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) enumerative: "Rāma, Rāma's younger brother (Lakṣmaṇa), and the monkeys"

• pragṛhya: having taken up
• pragṛhya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √grah (ग्रह् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), "having taken up/after seizing"; upasarga: pra-

• śastrāṇi: weapons
• śastrāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śastra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• udita-agrī-tejasaḥ: of exalted/foremost radiance
• udita-agrī-tejasaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + agrī/agraya (प्रातिपदिक) + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjectival compound qualifying the subject: "of risen/exalted foremost splendour"

• purīm: the city
• purīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• sureśa-ātmaja-vīrya-pālitām: protected by the valour of Indra's son
• sureśa-ātmaja-vīrya-pālitām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sureśa (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक) + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक) + pālita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) qualifying purīm: "protected/ruled (pālitā) by the valour (vīrya) of the son (ātmaja) of the lord of gods (sureśa = Indra)"

• vadhāya: for the killing
• vadhāya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन); purpose dative (प्रयोजन-चतुर्थी)

• śatroḥ: of the enemy
• śatroḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण): "again"

• āgatāḥ: returned/came
• āgatāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); used predicatively: "having come/returned"

• saha: together
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), preposition-like indeclinable: "together with"

Context

Rama and Lakshmana of fierce lustre, and the monkeys took hold of the weapons to kill the enemy and reached the capital ruled by the valour of Vali, son of Indra.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē kiṣkindhākāṇḍē trayōdaśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the thirteenth sarga of Kishkindakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• vānaras (monkeys)
• Kiṣkindhā (city/capital, implied)
• Vāli
• Indra (Sureśa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here engages the hard question of righteous force: weapons are taken up not for chaos but with a defined aim against an identified enemy within a moral-political conflict.

What is the narrative situation?

The group reaches Kiṣkindhā prepared for decisive action against Vāli, whose power is described as Indra-born valor guarding the city.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (heroic energy) disciplined by purpose—courage joined to intention rather than mere aggression.