Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 24

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

राघवोऽसि सह भ्रात्रा सह चैव हनूमता।तदेव वनमागच्छत्सुग्रीवो यत्र वानरः4.12.24।।

Transliteration

rāghavo 'pi saha bhrātrā saha caiva hanūmatā | tad eva vanam āgacchat sugrīvo yatra vānaraḥ || 4.12.24 ||

Translation

罗伽婆亦与其弟及哈奴曼同来，抵达那同一林苑——须格利婆这位婆那罗所在之处。

Word by Word

• राघवः: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject (Rāma)

• असि: are
• असि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘you are’ (contextual address)

• सह: with
• सह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सह-योगे (preposition-like) ‘with’ (governs instrumental)

• भ्रात्रा: with (his) brother
• भ्रात्रा: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Associate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; instrumental with ‘सह’

• सह: with
• सह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘with’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed, also
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण/निपात (emphatic particle)

• हनूमता: with Hanuman
• हनूमता: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Associate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनूमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; instrumental with ‘सह’

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma-anvaya (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘वनम्’ = that

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण निपात; ‘just/indeed’

• वनम्: the forest/grove
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object/Goal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; destination/object of motion

• आगच्छत्: arrived
• आगच्छत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/लङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘came/arrived’

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject (in apposition with Rāghava in narrative context)

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (relative adverb) = where

• वानरः: the monkey
• वानरः: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘the monkey (Sugriva)’ (appositional)

Context

Rama together with Lakshmana and Hanuman also arrived at the same gave where Sugriva was.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Rāghava)
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Hanumān
• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in friendship includes showing up—support is not merely promised but pursued, even after confusion and setback.

What is the narrative situation?

After Sugrīva retreats to the grove, Rāma arrives there with Lakṣmaṇa and Hanumān.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty and commitment to an ally in distress.