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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 48, Shloka 8

अहल्याशापवर्णनम्

The Account of Ahalyā’s Curse and the Deserted Hermitage near Mithilā

Devanagari script

विश्वामित्रवचश्श्रुत्वा राजा परमहर्षित:।अतिथी परमौ प्राप्तौ पुत्रौ दशरथस्य तौ।।।।पूजयामास विधिवत्सत्कारार्हौ महाबलौ।

Transliteration

viśvāmitravacaś śrutvā rājā paramaharṣitaḥ |

atithī paramau prāptau putrau daśarathasya tau ||

pūjayāmāsa vidhivat satkārārhau mahābalau ||

Translation

听到毗湿瓦密多之言，苏摩提王欢喜无量。见陀沙罗陀的两位王子以尊贵宾客之姿到来——威力具足、堪受敬礼——便依正法礼仪恭敬迎接，虔诚款待。

Word by Word
viśvāmitra-vacaḥViśvāmitra's words
viśvāmitra-vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootviśvāmitra (प्रातिपदिक) + vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Pañcamī? no; actually Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa; vacaḥ = Napumsaka, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd/प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular; compound sense: 'of Viśvāmitra' (षष्ठी)
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), 'having heard' (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
parama-harṣitaḥexceedingly delighted
parama-harṣitaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootparama (प्रातिपदिक) + harṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √hṛṣ)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; adjective qualifying rājā; harṣita = past passive participle sense 'delighted'
atithītwo guests
atithī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootatithi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual
paramaumost excellent, distinguished (two)
paramau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootparama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; qualifying atithī/putrau
prāptauarrived
prāptau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√āp (धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; used adjectivally: 'having arrived'
putrautwo sons
putrau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; apposition to atithī
daśarathasyaof Daśaratha
daśarathasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootdaśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
tauthose two
tau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; demonstrative pronoun
pūjayāmāsahonoured, received
pūjayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√pūj (धातु)
FormLaṅ (लङ्, imperfect/past), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Eka-vacana (singular); intensive/causative nuance not required here; meaning 'honoured/worshipped'
vidhivatduly, according to rite
vidhivat:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb; 'according to rule/rite'
satkāra-arhauworthy of honour
satkāra-arhau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsatkāra (प्रातिपदिक) + arha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; upapada-tatpuruṣa: 'worthy of honour'
mahā-balauvery mighty (two)
mahā-balau:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; qualifying tau/putrau
Context

After hearing Viswamitra, the king (Sumati) got exceedingly delighted and extendedhospitality in accordance with tradition to the highly valiant sons of Dasaratha, the distinguished guests worthy of honour.

Characters & Entities
V
Viśvāmitra
S
Sumati
D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

Atithi-dharma: honoring guests—especially worthy visitors—according to established righteous custom (vidhi), without neglect or delay.

Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa arrive with Viśvāmitra, and King Sumati, pleased by Viśvāmitra’s words, receives the princes with due ceremonial hospitality.

Sumati’s maryādā (propriety) and generosity—he recognizes worth and responds with respectful, dharmic welcome.

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