Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 3

गङ्गावतरण-प्रार्थना

Bhagīratha’s Petition for the Descent of Gaṅgā

Devanagari script

तस्मिन् राज्यं समावेश्य दिलीपे रघुनन्दन।हिमवच्छिखरे पुण्ये तपस्तेपे सुदारुणम्।।1.42.3।।

Transliteration

tasmin rājyaṁ samāveśya dilīpe raghunandana | himavacchikhare puṇye tapas tepe sudāruṇam ||1.42.3||

Translation

于是，罗阇之喜者啊，他将国政托付给迪利帕后，安舒曼在神圣的喜马瓦特峰顶修行苦行，极其严峻。

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in him/when he (Dilīpa)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण (in him/when he)

• राज्यम्: the kingdom
• राज्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• समावेश्य: having entrusted/vested
• समावेश्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive): ‘having entrusted/installed (in)’

• दिलीपे: in Dilīpa
• दिलीपे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिलीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण (in Dilīpa)

• रघुनन्दन: O Raghunandana
• रघुनन्दन: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रघु + नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हिमवत्-शिखरे: on Himavat’s peak
• हिमवत्-शिखरे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिमवत् (प्रातिपदिक) + शिखर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (हिमवतः शिखरम्)

• पुण्ये: holy
• पुण्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (शिखरे)

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तेपे: performed (austerities)
• तेपे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• सुदारुणम्: very severe
• सुदारुणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (तपः)

Context

'The ashes of these eminent uncles of my grandfather, immersed by the waters of Ganga may ultimately go to heaven'.

Characters & Entities

• Aṁśumān
• Dilīpa
• Himavat (Himalaya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma balances worldly duty and spiritual discipline: a king ensures stable governance first, then pursues tapas for higher purposes.

What is the narrative situation?

The story explains how Aṁśumān, after securing succession through Dilīpa, undertakes harsh penance in the Himalayas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control and prioritization of duty—renunciation is undertaken responsibly, not by abandoning one’s obligations.