Valmiki Ramayana 2.91.45 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 45

भरद्वाजाश्रमे भरतसैन्यस्य दिव्यात्मिथ्यम् / Divine Hospitality to Bharata’s Army at Bharadvaja’s Hermitage

Devanagari script

याभिर्गृहीतः पुरुषस्सोन्माद इव लक्ष्यते।आगुर्विंशतिसाहस्रा नन्दनादप्सरोगणाः।।।।

Transliteration

yābhir gṛhītaḥ puruṣaḥ sonmāda iva lakṣyate |

āgur viṃśatisāhasrā nandanād apsarogaṇāḥ ||

Translation

自难陀那园而来二万队天女（阿普萨拉），她们的拥抱足令男子如痴如狂，欲念汹涌。

Word by Word

• याभिः: by whom
• याभिः: करण (Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr), बहुवचन — relative pronoun ‘by whom’

• गृहीतः: seized, embraced
• गृहीतः: विशेषण (Predicate/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √ग्रह् (धातु) (कृदन्त; क्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — agreeing with ‘पुरुषः’

• पुरुषः: a man
• पुरुषः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स-उन्मादः: as if maddened (with passion)
• स-उन्मादः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्ग-सदृश) + उन्माद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (descriptive): उन्मादयुक्तः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — agreeing with ‘पुरुषः’

• इव: as if, like
• इव: उपमान (Simile marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• लक्ष्यते: is seen, appears
• लक्ष्यते: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √लक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive sense)

• आगुः: came
• आगुः: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• विंशति-साहस्राः: twenty thousand
• विंशति-साहस्राः: विशेषण (Quantifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विंशति + साहस्र
• Form: द्विगु-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — agreeing with ‘अप्सरोगणाः’

• नन्दनात्: from Nandana
• नन्दनात्: अपादान (Ablative/source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (proper noun), पञ्चमी (Abl), एकवचन — ‘from Nandana (garden)’

• अप्सरः-गणाः: troops of apsarases
• अप्सरः-गणाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्सरस् (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: अप्सरसां गणाः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

There along with Narada, Tumburu and Gopa, distinguished kings of the gandharvas, looking bright like the Sun, began to sing in the presence of Bharata.

Characters & Entities

• Nandana
• apsarases (apsarogaṇāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the power of sensual temptation; dharma requires restraint (dama) and clarity of purpose even amid alluring pleasures.

What is the narrative situation?

As part of Bharadvāja’s extraordinary hospitality, celestial entertainers arrive to honor Bharata and his party.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implicitly, Bharata’s self-control is tested—his virtue is steadiness and discipline despite enticing diversions.