Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 100, Shloka 3

शततमः सर्गः — Rāma Questions Bharata on Rājadharma

Governance, Counsel, and Public Welfare

Devanagari script

आघ्राय रामस्तं मूर्ध्नि परिष्वज्य च राघवः।अङ्के भरतमारोप्य पर्यपृच्छत्समाहितः।।।।

Transliteration

āghrāya rāmas taṁ mūrdhni pariṣvajya ca rāghavaḥ |

aṅke bharatam āropya paryapṛcchat samāhitaḥ ||

Translation

罗摩，罗伽族裔，亲吻婆罗多的额头并将他拥入怀中；继而把他安置在自己膝上，以沉静安定之心询问他。

Word by Word

• āghrāya: having kissed
• āghrāya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ghrā (धातु) + ā- (उपसर्ग); āghrāya (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive): 'having smelled/kissed' (contextual: kissed)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• mūrdhni: on the head/forehead
• mūrdhni: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• pariṣvajya: having embraced
• pariṣvajya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √svaj (धातु) + pari- (उपसर्ग); pariṣvajya (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive): 'having embraced'

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपाधि/सम्बोधन-नाम (epithet)

• aṅke: on (his) lap
• aṅke: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• āropya: having seated (him)
• āropya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ruh (धातु) + ā- (उपसर्ग); āropya (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive): 'having placed/made sit'

• paryapṛcchat: asked; enquired
• paryapṛcchat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prach (धातु) + pari- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• samāhitaḥ: composed; attentive
• samāhitaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-√dhā (धातु) ; samāhita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (composed/collected)

Context

Are not the citizens of your kingdom agitated at severe punishment meted out to them reproaching your ministers?

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as self-control and affectionate responsibility: even in intense family crisis, Rāma remains composed and engages Bharata with calm, respectful concern.

What is the narrative situation?

After meeting Bharata, Rāma receives him with affection—embracing and kissing him—and then begins to question him about governance and conduct.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadiness (dhairya/samādhāna) and fraternal affection, showing leadership that is gentle yet attentive.