Shloka 4

उत्पातदर्शनं खरसैन्यसमागमश्च

Omens of calamity and the approach of Khara’s army

Devanagari script

अमी रुधिरधारास्तु विसृजन्तः खरस्वनाः।व्योम्नि मेघा विवर्तन्ते परुषा गर्दभारुणाः।।।।

Transliteration

amī rudhiradhārās tu visṛjantaḥ kharasvanāḥ | vyomni meghā vivartante paruṣā gardabhāruṇāḥ ||

Translation

那些乌云——声响粗厉，形貌狰狞，呈驴般的褐色——在空中翻涌，倾泻出宛如血流的雨瀑。

Word by Word

• sadhūmāḥ: smoking
• sadhūmāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa + dhūma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘with smoke’); विशेषण (śarāḥ)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (‘and’)

• śarāḥ: arrows
• śarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (śarāḥ)

• mama: my
• mama: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• yuddhābhinandinaḥ: welcoming war
• yuddhābhinandinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuddha + abhinandin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘welcoming battle’); विशेषण (śarāḥ)

• rukmapṛṣṭhāni: gold-backed
• rukmapṛṣṭhāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rukma + pṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘gold-backed’); विशेषण (cāpāni)

• cāpāni: bows
• cāpāni: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• viceṣṭante: move restlessly, act strangely
• viceṣṭante: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + ceṣṭ (चेष्ट् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपदम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (‘and’)

• lakṣmaṇa: O Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Context

These rumbling clouds, brownish-red like the colour of a donkey, are moving about in the sky showering streams of blood.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Awareness and responsibility: Dharma includes reading the situation wisely and preparing to protect the innocent when danger is foretold.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama notes ominous portents in nature—blood-like rain and harsh clouds—signaling impending conflict.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vigilance and composure—Rama observes signs calmly and communicates them to Lakshmana.