Shloka 41

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

इत्येवं विलपंस्तत्र प्राप्य गोदावरीं नदीम्।चक्रेऽभिषेकं काकुत्स्थस्सानुजस्सह सीतया।।।।

Transliteration

ity evaṃ vilapaṃs tatra prāpya godāvarīṃ nadīm |

cakre 'bhiṣekaṃ kākutsthaḥ sānujas saha sītayā ||

Translation

他如此哀叹着，迦拘特斯陀（罗摩）抵达戈达婆梨河，与其弟及悉多一同行净浴之礼，完成沐浴仪轨。

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-निपात)

• evam: in this manner
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)

• vilapan: lamenting
• vilapan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√lap (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of place (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• prāpya: having reached
• prāpya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√āp (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)

• godāvarīm: Godāvarī
• godāvarīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: godāvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), 2nd case Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• nadīm: river
• nadīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), 2nd case Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to ‘godāvarīm’

• cakre: performed/did
• cakre: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• abhiṣekam: ablution/bath
• abhiṣekam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhiṣeka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), 2nd case Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kākutsthaḥ: Kākutstha (Rāma)
• kākutsthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kākutstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sānujaḥ: with (his) younger brother
• sānujaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sānuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective of kākutsthaḥ; compound: sa + anuja (अनुजेन सह/अनुजवान्)

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Preposition-like indeclinable (सह-योगे अव्यय) governing Instrumental

• sītayā: with Sītā
• sītayā: Sahakāraka (सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sītā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), 3rd case Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Pious men offer their libations of the first crop at Agnistoma sacrifice and thereby please their manes and get rid of their sins.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Kākutstha)
• Sītā
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Godāvarī river

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It demonstrates nitya-karma and śauca (purificatory discipline): despite grief, Rāma maintains righteous routine and sacred conduct.

What is the narrative situation?

After expressing sorrow, Rāma arrives at the Godāvarī and bathes with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfastness in duty: emotional pain does not disrupt righteous practice.