Shloka 46

Instruction on All Dharma

in the context of Rāma’s Aśvamedha

Devanagari script

पुत्रदास्तासु या युग्मा अयुग्माः कन्यकाप्रदाः । त्यक्त्वा चंद्रमसं दुष्टं मघां मूलं विहाय च

Transliteration

putradāstāsu yā yugmā ayugmāḥ kanyakāpradāḥ | tyaktvā caṃdramasaṃ duṣṭaṃ maghāṃ mūlaṃ vihāya ca

Translation

在这些月相时段与宿位之中，成双者被称为“赐子（男嗣）”，不成双者则不宜嫁女。应避开不祥之月，并当远离摩伽（Maghā）与牟罗（Mūla）二宿。

Word by Word

• putra-dāḥ: giving sons
• putra-dāḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक) + dā (प्रातिपदिक; √dā दा ‘to give’)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (tāḥ/yāminyaḥ); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (putrān dadati iti)

• tāsu: among those (nights)
• tāsu: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• yā: which
• yā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम

• yugmāḥ: even-numbered
• yugmāḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yugma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (yāḥ)

• ayugmāḥ: odd-numbered
• ayugmāḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (नञ्) + yugma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (yāḥ)

• kanyakā-pradāḥ: giving daughters
• kanyakā-pradāḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kanyakā (प्रातिपदिक) + pradā (प्रातिपदिक; pra + √dā दा)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (ayugmāḥ); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (kanyakāṃ pradadati iti)

• tyaktvā: having avoided/abandoned
• tyaktvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √tyaj (त्यज्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावः; ‘having abandoned’

• caṃdramasaṃ: (the nakṣatra) Candramas
• caṃdramasaṃ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caṃdramas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• duṣṭam: inauspicious; bad
• duṣṭam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; √duṣ दुष्, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (caṃdramasaṃ)

• maghām: (the nakṣatra) Maghā
• maghām: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maghā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• mūlam: (the nakṣatra) Mūla
• mūlam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• vihāya: having avoided; leaving aside
• vihāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + √hā (हा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभावः; ‘having left aside’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Unspecified (context-dependent within Pātālakhaṇḍa Adhyaya 9; likely a sage instructing on auspicious timings)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: putradāḥ + tāsu → putradāstāsu; tyaktvā + caṃdramasaṃ → tyaktvā caṃdramasaṃ; vihāya + ca → vihāya ca.

Characters & Entities

• Candra (Moon)
• Maghā (nakṣatra)
• Mūla (nakṣatra)

FAQs

What is this verse primarily advising?

It gives a muhūrta-style rule: certain (paired/even) divisions are considered favorable for offspring, while inauspicious lunar conditions and specific nakṣatras (Maghā and Mūla) should be avoided for marriage-related acts.

Why are Maghā and Mūla singled out here?

In traditional electional astrology, some nakṣatras are treated as unfavorable for particular saṃskāras (especially marriage). This verse reflects that convention by recommending avoidance of Maghā and Mūla in this context.

What ethical or practical lesson can be drawn from this instruction?

It emphasizes prudence and forethought in major life rites—choosing conditions believed to support harmony and well-being, and avoiding factors traditionally associated with obstacles.