Shloka 61
Kāṣṭhīla-Upākhyāna: Rākṣasī, Spear-Śakti, and Kāśī as Śakti-kṣetra
कुशा द्विजा जलं वह्निर्वेदा भूकालदिक्सुराः । साक्ष्ये यत्र विवाहेषु दांपत्यं तदुदीरितम् ॥ ६१ ॥
kuśā dvijā jalaṃ vahnirvedā bhūkāladiksurāḥ | sākṣye yatra vivāheṣu dāṃpatyaṃ tadudīritam || 61 ||
所谓真实的婚姻，是指在婚礼之时，拘舍草（kuśa）、婆罗门、水、火、吠陀、大地、时间、诸方位与诸天神共同作证，见证夫妻之契。
Narratorial Purāṇic voice (instruction on vivāha-dharma within Uttara-bhāga)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: vira
FAQs
It frames marriage as a dharmic saṁskāra solemnized before cosmic and Vedic witnesses—Agni, the Vedas, the directions, time, and the devas—making the bond sacred, accountable, and not merely private.
By grounding household life in sanctified ritual and reverence for divine witnesses, it supports bhakti through disciplined grihastha-dharma—living with integrity before God, scripture, and sacred order.
It highlights ritual procedure (kalpa/śrauta-smārta practice): use of kuśa, water, and Agni, and the formal concept of sākṣī (witness) in saṁskāras—key for correct performance of vivāha rites.