Shloka 4

Adhyaya 73 — The Uttama Manvantara: Classes of Devas, Indra Sushanti, and the Royal Lineage

Sanskrit

प्रतर्दनाख्यश्च गणो देवानां मुनिसत्तम ।

चतुर्थस्तत्र कथित औत्तमस्यान्तरे मनोः ॥

Transliteration

pratardanākhyaś ca gaṇo devānāṃ munisattama / caturthas tatra kathita auttamasyāntare manoḥ

Translation

又有一类诸神名为“摧破者”（Pratardanas），噢诸圣中最胜者，在奥塔玛之摩奴时期被记为第四类。

Word by Word

• pratardana-ākhyaḥ: named Pratardana
• pratardana-ākhyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pratardana + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘named Pratardana’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• gaṇaḥ: group/host
• gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• devānām: of the gods
• devānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• muni-sattama: O best of sages
• muni-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni + sattama (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th), Singular

• caturthaḥ: fourth
• caturthaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caturtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ordinal; agrees with gaṇaḥ (understood)

• tatra: there/in that context
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb of place (देशवाचक)

• kathitaḥ: is said/declared
• kathitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kath (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicative ‘is said/declared’

• auttamasya: of Auttama
• auttamasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: auttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

• antare: in/during (the period)
• antare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th), Singular; ‘within/during’

• manoḥ: of Manu
• manoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing enumeration)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Deva classifications

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic cosmology emphasizes ordered plurality: many divine functions operate in coordinated ‘groups’ rather than as a single monolithic power.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: part of the standard listing of deva groups for a given Manu.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘gaṇa’ suggests a structured set of forces. The sequence of groups can be contemplated as successive layers of cosmic function unfolding within an epoch.