Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 58, Shloka 45

Adhyaya 58 — The Kurma-Form of Narayana: Mapping Bharata through Nakshatras, Regions, and Planetary Afflictions

Sanskrit

अम्बाला मालवा मद्रा वेणुकाः सवदन्तिकाः ।

पिङ्गला मानकलहा हूणाः कोहलकाश्च तथा ॥

Transliteration

ambālā mālavā madrā veṇukāḥ savadantikāḥ | piṅgalā mānakalahā hūṇāḥ kohalakās tathā ||

Translation

有安婆罗族、摩罗婆族、摩陀罗族、韦努迦族与萨瓦丹提迦族；又有平伽罗族、摩那迦罗诃族、呼那族，以及科诃罗迦族。

Word by Word

• अम्बालाः: the Ambālas (a people)
• अम्बालाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्बाल (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मालवाः: the Mālavas
• मालवाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मालव (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मद्राः: the Madrās
• मद्राः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्र (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• वेणुकाः: the Veṇukas
• वेणुकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेणुक (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सवदन्तिकाः: the Savadantikas (a people)
• सवदन्तिकाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + वदन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपपद/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (नामविशेषः)

• पिङ्गलाः: the Piṅgalas
• पिङ्गलाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिङ्गल (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मानकलहाः: the Mānakalahas (a people)
• मानकलहाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान + कलह (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (नामविशेषः)

• हूणाः: the Hūṇas
• हूणाः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हूण (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• कोहलकाश्च: and the Kohalakas
• कोहलकाश्च: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोहलका (प्रातिपदिक; जनपद/जातिनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'च' समुच्चयार्थे संलग्नम्

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: likewise)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmography
• Ethnography
• Historical ethnonyms (Hūṇa)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇic world is not limited to the ‘Ārya’ heartland; it includes peoples known for power, migration, or conflict (e.g., Hūṇas), implying that historical change and cultural plurality are encompassed within cosmic time.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna (world description). When correlated with dynastic narratives elsewhere, such lists help situate Vaṃśa/Vaṃśānucarita geographically, but here it remains primarily cosmographic.

What is the esoteric significance?

Named groups can be read as ‘directions’ or ‘forces’ within the manifest world—some stable (Mālava, Madrā), some disruptive (Hūṇa)—mirroring the interplay of order and upheaval within prakṛti.