Shloka 70

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

ओषध्यो जज्ञियाश्चैव ग्राम्यारण्याश्चतुर्दश ।

व्रीहयश्च यवाश्चैव गोधूमा अणवस्तिलाः ॥

Transliteration

oṣadhyo jajñiyāś caiva grāmyāraṇyāś caturdaśa | vrīhayaś ca yavāś caiva godhūmā aṇavas tilāḥ ||

Translation

诸药草（oṣadhi），无论栽培者或林野所生者，据说共有十四种；其中有稻、麦（大麦）、小麦、aṇu 粒谷与芝麻。

Word by Word

• oṣadhyaḥ: crops/medicinal plants
• oṣadhyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: oṣadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• jajñiyāḥ: produced/born
• jajñiyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jajñiya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘born/produced’ (derivative adjective)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphatic (निपात)

• grāmya-araṇyāḥ: domestic and wild
• grāmya-araṇyāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: grāmya (प्रातिपदिक) + araṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); द्वन्द्व-समासः—‘ग्राम्याश्च आरण्याश्च’ (domestic and wild)

• caturdaśa: fourteen
• caturdaśa: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: caturdaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Indeclinable numeral used adjectivally (संख्याशब्दः), ‘fourteen’

• vrīhayaḥ: rice
• vrīhayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrīhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• yavāḥ: barley
• yavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphatic (निपात)

• godhūmāḥ: wheat
• godhūmāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: godhūma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• aṇavaḥ: aṇu-grain
• aṇavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tilāḥ: sesame
• tilāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Agriculture and ecology
• Cultivated vs wild resources
• Sustenance (anna)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma includes stewardship of both farm and forest; society’s nourishment depends on a balanced relationship with cultivated and wild domains.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga-oriented listing (kinds within creation), with practical dharma implications for livelihood and resource use.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Grāmya–āraṇya’ can be read inwardly as the tamed and untamed aspects of the psyche—both must be acknowledged and integrated for fullness.