Shloka 68

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

प्रियङ्गवो ह्युदाराश्च कोरदूषाः सचीणकाः ।

माषा मुद्गा मसूराश्च निष्पावाः सकुलत्थकाः ॥

Transliteration

priyaṅgavo hy udārāś ca koradūṣāḥ sacīnakāḥ | māṣā mudgā masūrāś ca niṣpāvāḥ sakulatthakāḥ ||

Translation

又有 priyaṅgu 与 udāra，koradūṣa 与 cīṇaka；并有诸豆类，如 māṣa（黑豆/黑扁豆）、mudga（绿豆）、masūra（扁豆）、niṣpāva（一种豆）与 kulattha（马豆）。

Word by Word

• priyaṅgavaḥ: priyaṅgu-grain (a kind of millet)
• priyaṅgavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: priyaṅgu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), explanatory/emphatic

• udārāḥ: excellent/large
• udārāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• koradūṣāḥ: koradūṣa-grain (a kind of cereal)
• koradūṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: koradūṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sacīnakāḥ: sacīṇaka-grain (a kind of cereal)
• sacīnakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sacīṇaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• māṣāḥ: black gram
• māṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mudgāḥ: green gram (mung)
• mudgāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mudga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• masūrāḥ: lentils
• masūrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: masūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• niṣpāvāḥ: niṣpāva (a kind of bean/pod)
• niṣpāvāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niṣpāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sakulatthakāḥ: together with kulattha (horse-gram) / including kulattha
• sakulatthakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa- (उपसर्ग/सह) + kulatthaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); अव्ययीभावः—‘सह कुलत्थकैः’ (together with horse-gram)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Agriculture (vārttā)
• Food systems
• Taxonomy of crops

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text treats agriculture as a sacredly knowable domain: naming staples and pulses is part of preserving right livelihood and ritual economy (food-offerings, hospitality, and social welfare).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Pratisarga-style cataloguing (created kinds), with an applied dharma layer when these foods underpin yajña, dāna, and household duty.

What is the esoteric significance?

Multiplicity of grains symbolizes diversity within unity—many forms of anna serving one dharma: sustaining beings for righteous action.